Section 3: Employment

This section presents statistics on employment in the United States. Data are presented for people with disabilities, people without disabilities, and the relative difference (relative ratio) in percentage employed between these two populations.

The source of these data is the American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau). For these tables, statistics for people with disabilities (disability status or disability type) are based on having responded ‘yes’ to a series of questions within the American Community Survey. The definition for employment status can be found in the glossary.

For expanded statistics by age, gender, and race/ethnicity please go to the Annual Disability Statistics Build Your Own Statistics site

Tables

Tables 3.1: In 2022, of the 21,992,000 individuals with disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 9,798,000 individuals were employed (44.5%). In contrast, of the 177,842,000 individuals without disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 140,414,000 individuals were employed (79%). The percentage of people with disabilities employed was highest in Utah/UT, 58.4% and lowest in West Virginia/WV, 31.2%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was West Virginia/WV, with a relative ratio of 0.422 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with disabilities and those without disabilities). Table 3.1 Employment - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Tables 3.2: In 2022, of the 4,003,000 individuals with hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,303,000 individuals were employed (57.5%). In contrast, of the 195,832,000 individuals without hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 147,909,000 individuals were employed (75.5%). The percentage of people with hearing disabilities employed was highest in Rhode Island/RI, 72.6% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 30.3%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.518 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with hearing disabilities and those without hearing disabilities). Table 3.2 Employment - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Tables 3.3: In 2022, of the 4,228,000 individuals with vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,154,000 individuals were employed (50.9%). In contrast, of the 195,607,000 individuals without vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 148,058,000 individuals were employed (75.7%). The percentage of people with vision disabilities employed was highest in Iowa/IA, 65.5% and lowest in West Virginia/WV, 30.5%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was West Virginia/WV, with a relative ratio of 0.448 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with vision disabilities and those without vision disabilities). Table 3.3 Employment - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Tables 3.4: In 2022, of the 10,409,000 individuals with cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 4,056,000 individuals were employed (39%). In contrast, of the 189,426,000 individuals without cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 146,155,000 individuals were employed (77.2%). The percentage of people with cognitive disabilities employed was highest in North Dakota/ND, 59.1% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 24.8%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was Hawaii/HI, with a relative ratio of 0.39 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with cognitive disabilities and those without cognitive disabilities). Table 3.4 Employment - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Tables 3.5: In 2022, of the 8,832,000 individuals with ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,604,000 individuals were employed (29.5%). In contrast, of the 191,002,000 individuals without ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 147,608,000 individuals were employed (77.3%). The percentage of people with ambulatory disabilities employed was highest in Utah/UT, 41.6% and lowest in Arkansas/AR, 19.9%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was Arkansas/AR, with a relative ratio of 0.271 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with ambulatory disabilities and those without ambulatory disabilities). Table 3.5 Employment - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Tables 3.6: In 2022, of the 3,338,000 individuals with self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 589,000 individuals were employed (17.6%). In contrast, of the 196,496,000 individuals without self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 149,623,000 individuals were employed (76.1%). The percentage of people with self-care disabilities employed was highest in Alaska/AK, 31.7% and lowest in Maine/ME, 9.8%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 0.126 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with self-care disabilities and those without self-care disabilities). Table 3.6 Employment - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Tables 3.7: In 2022, of the 7,860,000 individuals with independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 1,851,000 individuals were employed (23.5%). In contrast, of the 191,975,000 individuals without independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 148,361,000 individuals were employed (77.3%). The percentage of people with independent living disabilities employed was highest in Wyoming/WY, 39.8% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 12.9%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.213 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with independent living disabilities and those without independent living disabilities). Table 3.7 Employment - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.1 Employment - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.1 Employment - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Dis. No Dis. Employment - Dis. Employment - No Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 21,992,000 127,000 177,842,000 132,000 9,798,000 86,000 44.5 0.3 140,414,000 182,000 79.0 0.1 0.564
Alabama 447,000 18,000 2,549,000 18,000 169,000 12,000 37.9 1.9 1,930,000 21,000 75.7 0.7 0.500
Alaska 52,000 6,000 381,000 7,000 24,000 5,000 46.7 6.9 297,000 10,000 77.9 1.9 0.599
Arizona 463,000 19,000 3,841,000 20,000 226,000 15,000 48.9 2.2 2,969,000 28,000 77.3 0.5 0.632
Arkansas 285,000 12,000 1,490,000 13,000 103,000 8,000 36.1 2.1 1,133,000 17,000 76.0 0.9 0.475
California 2,147,000 43,000 21,865,000 43,000 937,000 27,000 43.7 0.9 16,734,000 59,000 76.5 0.3 0.570
Colorado 355,000 17,000 3,283,000 19,000 194,000 13,000 54.5 2.1 2,715,000 27,000 82.7 0.6 0.659
Connecticut 214,000 12,000 1,994,000 13,000 95,000 9,000 44.4 2.7 1,608,000 18,000 80.7 0.8 0.550
Delaware 64,000 6,000 524,000 6,000 29,000 5,000 45.0 5.3 421,000 10,000 80.2 1.5 0.561
District of Columbia 41,000 5,000 411,000 6,000 20,000 3,000 48.6 6.1 332,000 8,000 80.9 1.8 0.600
Florida 1,328,000 30,000 11,605,000 32,000 570,000 22,000 42.9 1.3 9,064,000 46,000 78.1 0.3 0.550
Georgia 736,000 24,000 5,879,000 25,000 318,000 15,000 43.1 1.4 4,612,000 30,000 78.4 0.5 0.550
Hawaii 80,000 7,000 716,000 9,000 36,000 5,000 44.7 4.0 565,000 11,000 78.9 1.2 0.566
Idaho 140,000 10,000 986,000 10,000 70,000 7,000 49.7 3.0 785,000 13,000 79.6 1.1 0.624
Illinois 736,000 24,000 6,869,000 25,000 334,000 16,000 45.5 1.5 5,502,000 34,000 80.1 0.4 0.568
Indiana 493,000 18,000 3,565,000 19,000 225,000 13,000 45.6 1.8 2,878,000 24,000 80.7 0.6 0.565
Iowa 196,000 13,000 1,682,000 15,000 104,000 10,000 53.3 3.0 1,407,000 18,000 83.7 0.8 0.637
Kansas 198,000 11,000 1,504,000 13,000 101,000 8,000 51.0 3.0 1,226,000 14,000 81.5 0.8 0.626
Kentucky 440,000 13,000 2,220,000 14,000 167,000 10,000 37.9 1.9 1,736,000 20,000 78.2 0.7 0.485
Louisiana 398,000 18,000 2,284,000 19,000 157,000 11,000 39.5 1.9 1,717,000 23,000 75.2 0.8 0.525
Maine 110,000 9,000 712,000 8,000 45,000 6,000 40.7 4.0 583,000 12,000 81.9 1.2 0.497
Maryland 350,000 16,000 3,362,000 16,000 171,000 13,000 48.9 2.5 2,736,000 21,000 81.4 0.6 0.601
Massachusetts 437,000 17,000 3,924,000 17,000 187,000 11,000 42.7 1.8 3,195,000 24,000 81.4 0.5 0.525
Michigan 726,000 23,000 5,269,000 24,000 301,000 16,000 41.4 1.7 4,137,000 32,000 78.5 0.5 0.528
Minnesota 337,000 16,000 3,085,000 16,000 174,000 13,000 51.5 2.8 2,601,000 25,000 84.3 0.7 0.611
Mississippi 278,000 15,000 1,423,000 14,000 105,000 9,000 37.6 2.2 1,063,000 17,000 74.7 0.9 0.503
Missouri 475,000 16,000 3,169,000 16,000 205,000 13,000 43.2 2.1 2,557,000 24,000 80.7 0.6 0.535
Montana 80,000 8,000 570,000 8,000 39,000 5,000 48.8 4.2 461,000 11,000 80.9 1.5 0.603
Nebraska 118,000 9,000 1,025,000 11,000 65,000 7,000 54.5 3.4 870,000 12,000 84.9 0.9 0.642
Nevada 230,000 13,000 1,686,000 14,000 117,000 10,000 50.9 3.0 1,300,000 18,000 77.1 0.9 0.660
New Hampshire 90,000 8,000 768,000 9,000 41,000 7,000 46.1 4.6 637,000 13,000 83.0 1.3 0.555
New Jersey 469,000 17,000 5,138,000 18,000 212,000 11,000 45.2 1.8 4,107,000 26,000 79.9 0.5 0.566
New Mexico 181,000 12,000 1,040,000 14,000 80,000 8,000 44.1 2.9 780,000 16,000 75.0 1.2 0.588
New York 1,194,000 26,000 10,838,000 27,000 473,000 20,000 39.6 1.2 8,394,000 48,000 77.5 0.4 0.511
North Carolina 718,000 21,000 5,655,000 22,000 302,000 15,000 42.1 1.5 4,446,000 34,000 78.6 0.5 0.535
North Dakota 48,000 6,000 410,000 8,000 27,000 5,000 56.5 6.0 347,000 10,000 84.7 1.6 0.667
Ohio 851,000 23,000 6,094,000 25,000 372,000 18,000 43.7 1.6 4,909,000 32,000 80.5 0.5 0.543
Oklahoma 366,000 15,000 1,974,000 16,000 160,000 11,000 43.7 2.2 1,526,000 18,000 77.3 0.7 0.566
Oregon 336,000 15,000 2,232,000 16,000 153,000 11,000 45.7 2.3 1,788,000 21,000 80.1 0.7 0.570
Pennsylvania 932,000 30,000 6,789,000 31,000 412,000 18,000 44.2 1.3 5,441,000 37,000 80.1 0.5 0.552
Rhode Island 73,000 6,000 604,000 6,000 34,000 5,000 46.7 4.3 482,000 9,000 79.8 1.3 0.586
South Carolina 382,000 15,000 2,702,000 15,000 154,000 10,000 40.3 2.0 2,093,000 21,000 77.5 0.7 0.521
South Dakota 57,000 8,000 456,000 9,000 29,000 6,000 50.8 5.6 382,000 10,000 83.8 1.4 0.606
Tennessee 529,000 18,000 3,704,000 18,000 216,000 13,000 40.9 1.6 2,926,000 24,000 79.0 0.5 0.518
Texas 1,905,000 36,000 16,267,000 37,000 938,000 24,000 49.2 1.0 12,686,000 58,000 78.0 0.3 0.631
Utah 196,000 13,000 1,833,000 15,000 114,000 10,000 58.4 2.4 1,500,000 16,000 81.8 0.7 0.714
Vermont 54,000 7,000 338,000 8,000 29,000 6,000 55.1 6.4 277,000 8,000 82.1 1.7 0.671
Virginia 551,000 16,000 4,610,000 17,000 252,000 14,000 45.7 1.8 3,703,000 27,000 80.3 0.5 0.569
Washington 533,000 19,000 4,211,000 19,000 253,000 14,000 47.5 1.8 3,351,000 26,000 79.6 0.5 0.597
West Virginia 168,000 10,000 855,000 11,000 52,000 5,000 31.2 2.6 632,000 14,000 73.9 1.3 0.422
Wisconsin 362,000 16,000 3,158,000 17,000 182,000 14,000 50.4 2.5 2,629,000 24,000 83.2 0.6 0.605
Wyoming 42,000 5,000 295,000 5,000 22,000 4,000 52.1 6.3 243,000 8,000 82.3 2.2 0.633
Puerto Rico 340,000 14,000 1,591,000 14,000 106,000 9,000 31.2 2.0 1,009,000 16,000 63.4 0.8 0.492
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with disability over the percentage of employed people without disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.1). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 3.2 Employment - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.2 Employment - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Hearing Dis. No Hearing Dis. Employment - Hearing Dis. Employment - No Hearing Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 4,003,000 62,000 195,832,000 72,000 2,303,000 47,000 57.5 0.7 147,909,000 173,000 75.5 0.1 0.762
Alabama 80,000 7,000 2,915,000 10,000 42,000 6,000 53.0 4.4 2,057,000 20,000 70.5 0.7 0.751
Alaska 13,000 3,000 420,000 5,000 8,000 3,000 58.5 11.5 313,000 10,000 74.7 2.1 0.784
Arizona 83,000 8,000 4,221,000 10,000 48,000 6,000 57.7 4.4 3,147,000 25,000 74.6 0.6 0.774
Arkansas 57,000 6,000 1,718,000 8,000 29,000 4,000 50.3 5.1 1,207,000 16,000 70.2 0.9 0.716
California 363,000 15,000 23,649,000 20,000 203,000 12,000 56.0 1.9 17,469,000 60,000 73.9 0.3 0.758
Colorado 74,000 6,000 3,564,000 9,000 50,000 5,000 67.2 3.9 2,859,000 22,000 80.2 0.6 0.838
Connecticut 32,000 5,000 2,176,000 6,000 18,000 3,000 56.8 6.9 1,685,000 16,000 77.4 0.7 0.734
Delaware 12,000 3,000 576,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 44.0 10.7 444,000 10,000 77.1 1.6 0.571
District of Columbia 5,000 2,000 447,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 62.7 16.0 349,000 9,000 78.1 1.8 0.802
Florida 241,000 12,000 12,692,000 17,000 134,000 9,000 55.7 2.6 9,500,000 47,000 74.9 0.4 0.744
Georgia 129,000 11,000 6,486,000 13,000 73,000 7,000 56.5 3.6 4,856,000 30,000 74.9 0.5 0.755
Hawaii 16,000 5,000 780,000 7,000 9,000 3,000 56.3 9.5 591,000 12,000 75.8 1.3 0.743
Idaho 32,000 5,000 1,095,000 5,000 19,000 4,000 58.9 7.1 836,000 12,000 76.4 1.1 0.772
Illinois 121,000 9,000 7,484,000 12,000 71,000 7,000 58.9 3.3 5,765,000 32,000 77.0 0.4 0.764
Indiana 84,000 6,000 3,974,000 8,000 49,000 5,000 58.3 4.1 3,053,000 22,000 76.8 0.5 0.759
Iowa 37,000 5,000 1,841,000 8,000 23,000 4,000 63.7 5.7 1,488,000 15,000 80.9 0.8 0.788
Kansas 42,000 5,000 1,660,000 9,000 27,000 5,000 65.2 6.3 1,300,000 15,000 78.3 0.8 0.832
Kentucky 86,000 6,000 2,575,000 9,000 46,000 6,000 53.2 4.3 1,858,000 20,000 72.2 0.8 0.737
Louisiana 75,000 8,000 2,607,000 9,000 37,000 6,000 49.3 4.7 1,837,000 21,000 70.5 0.8 0.700
Maine 26,000 5,000 796,000 5,000 13,000 3,000 49.9 9.0 615,000 11,000 77.3 1.3 0.646
Maryland 56,000 6,000 3,655,000 8,000 38,000 6,000 66.5 4.6 2,870,000 21,000 78.5 0.6 0.847
Massachusetts 72,000 7,000 4,288,000 8,000 44,000 5,000 61.6 4.4 3,337,000 22,000 77.8 0.5 0.791
Michigan 121,000 8,000 5,875,000 12,000 66,000 7,000 54.5 4.1 4,372,000 28,000 74.4 0.5 0.732
Minnesota 66,000 7,000 3,356,000 11,000 42,000 6,000 63.4 4.6 2,734,000 25,000 81.4 0.7 0.778
Mississippi 47,000 5,000 1,654,000 7,000 26,000 4,000 54.5 5.6 1,142,000 16,000 69.0 1.0 0.789
Missouri 90,000 8,000 3,553,000 10,000 50,000 5,000 55.8 3.4 2,712,000 26,000 76.3 0.7 0.731
Montana 22,000 4,000 629,000 5,000 12,000 3,000 56.5 9.0 488,000 9,000 77.6 1.3 0.728
Nebraska 24,000 4,000 1,120,000 5,000 16,000 3,000 68.7 7.4 918,000 11,000 82.0 0.9 0.838
Nevada 44,000 5,000 1,872,000 7,000 27,000 5,000 60.2 5.9 1,390,000 18,000 74.3 0.9 0.810
New Hampshire 18,000 4,000 840,000 6,000 11,000 3,000 58.3 8.7 668,000 12,000 79.6 1.4 0.732
New Jersey 68,000 6,000 5,539,000 9,000 42,000 6,000 62.1 4.8 4,277,000 26,000 77.2 0.4 0.804
New Mexico 41,000 6,000 1,180,000 9,000 19,000 5,000 46.9 7.4 841,000 16,000 71.3 1.2 0.659
New York 175,000 11,000 11,857,000 12,000 88,000 8,000 50.3 3.3 8,779,000 50,000 74.0 0.4 0.680
North Carolina 127,000 10,000 6,245,000 12,000 69,000 7,000 54.2 3.4 4,679,000 32,000 74.9 0.5 0.723
North Dakota 9,000 3,000 449,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 68.6 14.1 368,000 9,000 82.0 1.6 0.836
Ohio 152,000 11,000 6,793,000 14,000 89,000 9,000 58.4 3.5 5,192,000 31,000 76.4 0.5 0.764
Oklahoma 77,000 8,000 2,263,000 9,000 42,000 5,000 54.3 4.2 1,644,000 17,000 72.7 0.8 0.747
Oregon 71,000 7,000 2,497,000 9,000 39,000 5,000 54.7 4.5 1,903,000 18,000 76.2 0.6 0.718
Pennsylvania 166,000 12,000 7,555,000 14,000 94,000 8,000 56.4 3.7 5,760,000 35,000 76.2 0.5 0.740
Rhode Island 10,000 2,000 667,000 4,000 7,000 2,000 72.6 8.2 509,000 9,000 76.3 1.3 0.952
South Carolina 65,000 6,000 3,019,000 8,000 36,000 5,000 56.0 4.4 2,211,000 19,000 73.2 0.7 0.765
South Dakota 14,000 3,000 499,000 5,000 9,000 3,000 64.8 10.3 402,000 8,000 80.6 1.4 0.804
Tennessee 98,000 8,000 4,135,000 10,000 56,000 6,000 57.7 3.5 3,086,000 23,000 74.6 0.5 0.774
Texas 398,000 17,000 17,774,000 21,000 250,000 15,000 62.7 2.1 13,374,000 56,000 75.2 0.3 0.834
Utah 33,000 5,000 1,996,000 7,000 22,000 4,000 66.9 4.9 1,593,000 14,000 79.8 0.7 0.839
Vermont 11,000 3,000 380,000 4,000 8,000 3,000 69.2 10.7 299,000 6,000 78.6 1.7 0.880
Virginia 105,000 9,000 5,057,000 14,000 60,000 7,000 57.6 3.5 3,895,000 24,000 77.0 0.4 0.747
Washington 101,000 8,000 4,643,000 12,000 60,000 7,000 59.7 4.1 3,544,000 24,000 76.3 0.5 0.782
West Virginia 34,000 5,000 990,000 6,000 15,000 4,000 43.3 7.1 670,000 14,000 67.7 1.3 0.640
Wisconsin 71,000 7,000 3,449,000 11,000 46,000 6,000 65.3 4.8 2,765,000 22,000 80.2 0.7 0.815
Wyoming 11,000 2,000 326,000 4,000 7,000 2,000 60.2 11.0 258,000 8,000 79.1 2.0 0.761
Puerto Rico 46,000 6,000 1,884,000 6,000 14,000 3,000 30.3 5.0 1,101,000 16,000 58.4 0.9 0.518
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with hearing disability over the percentage of employed people without hearing disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 3.3 Employment - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.3 Employment - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Vision Dis. No Vision Dis. Employment - Vision Dis. Employment - No Vision Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 4,228,000 61,000 195,607,000 66,000 2,154,000 40,000 50.9 0.7 148,058,000 171,000 75.7 0.1 0.673
Alabama 94,000 9,000 2,901,000 9,000 39,000 6,000 40.9 4.1 2,060,000 20,000 71.0 0.7 0.576
Alaska 11,000 4,000 421,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 60.3 13.1 314,000 10,000 74.5 2.0 0.809
Arizona 98,000 8,000 4,205,000 10,000 57,000 7,000 57.7 4.1 3,138,000 25,000 74.6 0.6 0.773
Arkansas 63,000 6,000 1,712,000 7,000 26,000 4,000 41.2 4.3 1,210,000 17,000 70.7 0.9 0.583
California 450,000 17,000 23,562,000 19,000 237,000 14,000 52.6 2.1 17,435,000 57,000 74.0 0.2 0.711
Colorado 61,000 7,000 3,577,000 10,000 36,000 5,000 59.2 5.5 2,873,000 23,000 80.3 0.6 0.737
Connecticut 38,000 6,000 2,170,000 7,000 19,000 4,000 51.6 6.5 1,684,000 16,000 77.6 0.7 0.665
Delaware 11,000 4,000 578,000 4,000 6,000 3,000 53.0 12.1 444,000 10,000 76.8 1.5 0.689
District of Columbia 8,000 3,000 444,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 54.1 13.6 348,000 9,000 78.4 1.8 0.690
Florida 248,000 14,000 12,685,000 17,000 129,000 10,000 52.0 2.6 9,505,000 48,000 74.9 0.4 0.694
Georgia 146,000 11,000 6,470,000 12,000 72,000 7,000 49.5 3.2 4,857,000 29,000 75.1 0.4 0.659
Hawaii 18,000 5,000 778,000 6,000 8,000 3,000 45.4 9.3 592,000 11,000 76.1 1.2 0.597
Idaho 30,000 4,000 1,096,000 5,000 16,000 3,000 55.0 7.8 838,000 12,000 76.4 1.0 0.719
Illinois 144,000 10,000 7,461,000 12,000 74,000 6,000 51.7 3.3 5,762,000 31,000 77.2 0.4 0.669
Indiana 88,000 8,000 3,970,000 10,000 44,000 6,000 49.8 4.1 3,059,000 22,000 77.0 0.5 0.646
Iowa 31,000 5,000 1,846,000 9,000 20,000 5,000 65.5 8.4 1,491,000 15,000 80.8 0.7 0.810
Kansas 39,000 6,000 1,663,000 9,000 22,000 5,000 55.3 6.8 1,305,000 15,000 78.5 0.8 0.704
Kentucky 89,000 9,000 2,571,000 11,000 35,000 6,000 38.9 4.4 1,869,000 21,000 72.7 0.7 0.535
Louisiana 88,000 10,000 2,594,000 11,000 41,000 7,000 46.7 4.9 1,833,000 22,000 70.7 0.8 0.662
Maine 14,000 3,000 808,000 4,000 6,000 2,000 42.8 10.4 622,000 10,000 77.0 1.3 0.556
Maryland 59,000 7,000 3,653,000 9,000 32,000 5,000 54.5 5.3 2,875,000 20,000 78.7 0.5 0.692
Massachusetts 70,000 8,000 4,290,000 9,000 37,000 6,000 52.3 5.0 3,345,000 21,000 78.0 0.5 0.670
Michigan 116,000 9,000 5,879,000 12,000 54,000 6,000 46.3 3.5 4,384,000 30,000 74.6 0.5 0.621
Minnesota 48,000 6,000 3,374,000 10,000 24,000 4,000 50.0 7.0 2,751,000 24,000 81.5 0.7 0.614
Mississippi 75,000 7,000 1,627,000 8,000 32,000 4,000 43.1 4.4 1,135,000 16,000 69.8 0.9 0.618
Missouri 87,000 8,000 3,556,000 10,000 41,000 6,000 46.7 4.4 2,722,000 26,000 76.5 0.7 0.610
Montana 14,000 4,000 637,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 41.9 10.9 495,000 10,000 77.7 1.4 0.540
Nebraska 18,000 3,000 1,126,000 6,000 11,000 3,000 63.3 8.9 923,000 11,000 82.0 0.9 0.772
Nevada 54,000 8,000 1,862,000 9,000 32,000 6,000 58.5 5.2 1,385,000 18,000 74.4 0.9 0.786
New Hampshire 12,000 3,000 845,000 5,000 6,000 3,000 51.1 12.0 672,000 12,000 79.5 1.3 0.642
New Jersey 97,000 8,000 5,509,000 11,000 55,000 7,000 55.9 4.4 4,265,000 27,000 77.4 0.4 0.722
New Mexico 41,000 6,000 1,180,000 8,000 20,000 5,000 47.9 6.6 840,000 16,000 71.2 1.2 0.672
New York 213,000 13,000 11,819,000 14,000 99,000 9,000 46.8 2.7 8,767,000 48,000 74.2 0.4 0.631
North Carolina 144,000 10,000 6,228,000 12,000 68,000 8,000 47.4 3.6 4,680,000 32,000 75.1 0.5 0.631
North Dakota 6,000 2,000 452,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 54.0 16.2 371,000 9,000 82.1 1.5 0.657
Ohio 134,000 10,000 6,811,000 14,000 65,000 8,000 48.3 3.4 5,216,000 30,000 76.6 0.5 0.630
Oklahoma 87,000 8,000 2,254,000 10,000 46,000 7,000 52.6 4.5 1,641,000 18,000 72.8 0.7 0.722
Oregon 56,000 6,000 2,512,000 8,000 29,000 5,000 50.9 4.6 1,913,000 18,000 76.2 0.7 0.669
Pennsylvania 162,000 14,000 7,559,000 18,000 82,000 9,000 50.9 4.0 5,771,000 35,000 76.3 0.5 0.667
Rhode Island 13,000 3,000 664,000 4,000 8,000 2,000 60.4 12.2 508,000 9,000 76.5 1.2 0.789
South Carolina 74,000 7,000 3,010,000 10,000 35,000 5,000 48.0 5.0 2,212,000 21,000 73.5 0.7 0.653
South Dakota 8,000 3,000 504,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 45.3 13.3 407,000 8,000 80.8 1.4 0.561
Tennessee 114,000 10,000 4,119,000 11,000 55,000 7,000 48.6 3.3 3,087,000 23,000 74.9 0.6 0.648
Texas 441,000 19,000 17,732,000 22,000 248,000 13,000 56.4 2.0 13,376,000 53,000 75.4 0.3 0.747
Utah 29,000 5,000 2,001,000 7,000 18,000 4,000 62.1 7.1 1,597,000 14,000 79.8 0.7 0.778
Vermont 7,000 2,000 384,000 3,000 4,000 2,000 55.4 12.4 303,000 7,000 78.8 1.7 0.703
Virginia 96,000 8,000 5,065,000 12,000 51,000 7,000 52.9 4.5 3,904,000 24,000 77.1 0.5 0.686
Washington 89,000 9,000 4,655,000 12,000 45,000 6,000 50.3 4.3 3,559,000 24,000 76.5 0.5 0.657
West Virginia 34,000 5,000 989,000 6,000 10,000 3,000 30.5 5.8 674,000 14,000 68.2 1.3 0.448
Wisconsin 52,000 7,000 3,468,000 11,000 32,000 6,000 60.8 6.5 2,780,000 24,000 80.1 0.6 0.759
Wyoming 7,000 2,000 330,000 3,000 4,000 1,000 53.0 12.5 261,000 8,000 79.1 2.1 0.671
Puerto Rico 106,000 8,000 1,825,000 8,000 40,000 5,000 37.5 3.6 1,075,000 17,000 58.9 0.9 0.636
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with vision disability over the percentage of employed people without vision disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.3). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 3.4 Employment - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.4 Employment - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Cognitive Dis. No Cognitive Dis. Employment - Cognitive Dis. Employment - No Cognitive Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 10,409,000 82,000 189,426,000 96,000 4,056,000 54,000 39.0 0.4 146,155,000 170,000 77.2 0.1 0.505
Alabama 199,000 13,000 2,797,000 14,000 67,000 8,000 33.7 2.7 2,032,000 21,000 72.7 0.7 0.464
Alaska 19,000 4,000 414,000 6,000 7,000 3,000 38.7 9.7 314,000 10,000 75.8 2.0 0.510
Arizona 209,000 11,000 4,094,000 12,000 92,000 8,000 43.7 3.1 3,103,000 26,000 75.8 0.5 0.577
Arkansas 130,000 10,000 1,645,000 10,000 42,000 5,000 32.4 2.9 1,194,000 17,000 72.5 0.9 0.446
California 1,019,000 31,000 22,993,000 33,000 365,000 16,000 35.8 1.1 17,307,000 58,000 75.3 0.3 0.476
Colorado 171,000 12,000 3,467,000 14,000 88,000 9,000 51.2 3.1 2,821,000 24,000 81.4 0.6 0.630
Connecticut 114,000 10,000 2,094,000 11,000 45,000 7,000 39.2 4.0 1,658,000 19,000 79.2 0.7 0.495
Delaware 27,000 5,000 562,000 5,000 12,000 3,000 46.2 7.9 437,000 10,000 77.8 1.6 0.594
District of Columbia 19,000 4,000 432,000 5,000 8,000 2,000 39.8 8.9 344,000 9,000 79.6 1.7 0.500
Florida 604,000 21,000 12,329,000 24,000 220,000 14,000 36.5 1.9 9,414,000 45,000 76.4 0.4 0.478
Georgia 338,000 18,000 6,278,000 21,000 125,000 10,000 37.1 2.2 4,804,000 32,000 76.5 0.4 0.484
Hawaii 39,000 6,000 758,000 7,000 12,000 3,000 30.3 6.6 589,000 10,000 77.7 1.2 0.390
Idaho 68,000 7,000 1,058,000 7,000 31,000 5,000 44.9 4.3 824,000 12,000 77.9 1.1 0.577
Illinois 343,000 15,000 7,261,000 17,000 138,000 10,000 40.2 2.5 5,698,000 32,000 78.5 0.4 0.512
Indiana 236,000 13,000 3,823,000 15,000 94,000 7,000 39.9 2.4 3,008,000 22,000 78.7 0.5 0.508
Iowa 88,000 8,000 1,790,000 10,000 41,000 6,000 46.9 4.6 1,471,000 16,000 82.2 0.7 0.570
Kansas 95,000 8,000 1,607,000 11,000 45,000 6,000 46.8 4.0 1,283,000 15,000 79.8 0.8 0.586
Kentucky 206,000 11,000 2,454,000 12,000 68,000 7,000 32.9 2.6 1,835,000 21,000 74.8 0.7 0.440
Louisiana 175,000 11,000 2,507,000 12,000 59,000 6,000 33.4 2.9 1,815,000 21,000 72.4 0.7 0.461
Maine 55,000 6,000 767,000 7,000 22,000 4,000 40.6 4.8 606,000 11,000 79.0 1.4 0.514
Maryland 170,000 10,000 3,542,000 12,000 72,000 8,000 42.2 3.5 2,835,000 20,000 80.1 0.6 0.528
Massachusetts 226,000 13,000 4,135,000 13,000 81,000 7,000 36.1 2.3 3,300,000 23,000 79.8 0.5 0.452
Michigan 373,000 20,000 5,622,000 21,000 141,000 13,000 37.7 2.3 4,297,000 32,000 76.4 0.5 0.493
Minnesota 185,000 13,000 3,237,000 14,000 91,000 9,000 49.1 3.4 2,684,000 25,000 82.9 0.7 0.592
Mississippi 120,000 10,000 1,582,000 10,000 36,000 5,000 30.4 3.1 1,131,000 17,000 71.5 1.0 0.425
Missouri 234,000 11,000 3,409,000 12,000 89,000 8,000 37.8 2.9 2,674,000 24,000 78.4 0.7 0.482
Montana 37,000 5,000 613,000 6,000 17,000 4,000 46.0 5.6 483,000 10,000 78.8 1.5 0.584
Nebraska 60,000 7,000 1,084,000 9,000 29,000 5,000 48.8 5.4 905,000 13,000 83.5 0.9 0.584
Nevada 97,000 9,000 1,820,000 10,000 41,000 6,000 42.5 4.4 1,376,000 18,000 75.6 0.9 0.562
New Hampshire 48,000 7,000 810,000 8,000 20,000 5,000 41.4 6.0 659,000 13,000 81.3 1.3 0.509
New Jersey 210,000 12,000 5,397,000 14,000 77,000 7,000 36.7 2.6 4,242,000 25,000 78.6 0.4 0.467
New Mexico 85,000 8,000 1,136,000 10,000 32,000 5,000 37.4 4.4 828,000 16,000 72.9 1.2 0.512
New York 575,000 22,000 11,457,000 24,000 203,000 15,000 35.4 1.7 8,664,000 48,000 75.6 0.4 0.468
North Carolina 325,000 13,000 6,047,000 16,000 123,000 10,000 37.9 2.3 4,625,000 33,000 76.5 0.5 0.495
North Dakota 25,000 5,000 434,000 7,000 15,000 4,000 59.1 7.9 360,000 9,000 83.0 1.5 0.711
Ohio 417,000 17,000 6,528,000 20,000 168,000 13,000 40.2 2.2 5,113,000 32,000 78.3 0.4 0.513
Oklahoma 169,000 11,000 2,171,000 12,000 62,000 6,000 36.8 3.0 1,624,000 17,000 74.8 0.7 0.492
Oregon 181,000 11,000 2,387,000 13,000 72,000 8,000 39.9 2.9 1,869,000 19,000 78.3 0.7 0.509
Pennsylvania 477,000 22,000 7,243,000 22,000 187,000 14,000 39.1 2.2 5,667,000 35,000 78.2 0.5 0.500
Rhode Island 38,000 5,000 639,000 5,000 15,000 4,000 40.3 5.7 501,000 9,000 78.3 1.3 0.514
South Carolina 169,000 11,000 2,915,000 11,000 57,000 6,000 33.9 2.7 2,190,000 19,000 75.1 0.7 0.451
South Dakota 28,000 6,000 484,000 7,000 14,000 4,000 48.1 8.0 397,000 9,000 82.1 1.4 0.586
Tennessee 247,000 13,000 3,986,000 13,000 86,000 8,000 34.8 2.4 3,056,000 23,000 76.7 0.6 0.454
Texas 836,000 28,000 17,336,000 32,000 349,000 17,000 41.8 1.3 13,274,000 57,000 76.6 0.3 0.546
Utah 104,000 10,000 1,925,000 11,000 59,000 8,000 56.4 3.8 1,556,000 15,000 80.8 0.7 0.698
Vermont 28,000 5,000 363,000 6,000 15,000 4,000 54.8 8.0 291,000 8,000 80.2 1.7 0.683
Virginia 249,000 11,000 4,913,000 14,000 99,000 7,000 39.7 2.4 3,856,000 23,000 78.5 0.4 0.506
Washington 274,000 16,000 4,470,000 18,000 116,000 10,000 42.5 2.4 3,488,000 25,000 78.0 0.5 0.544
West Virginia 73,000 8,000 951,000 9,000 21,000 4,000 28.3 4.0 664,000 14,000 69.8 1.3 0.405
Wisconsin 179,000 13,000 3,341,000 16,000 82,000 10,000 45.6 3.4 2,730,000 24,000 81.7 0.6 0.558
Wyoming 18,000 4,000 319,000 4,000 9,000 2,000 50.6 8.1 255,000 8,000 80.1 2.1 0.631
Puerto Rico 147,000 11,000 1,783,000 10,000 37,000 5,000 24.8 2.9 1,078,000 16,000 60.5 0.8 0.410
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with cognitive disability over the percentage of employed people without cognitive disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.4). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 3.5 Employment - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.5 Employment - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Ambulatory Dis. No Ambulatory Dis. Employment - Ambulatory Dis. Employment - No Ambulatory Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 8,832,000 80,000 191,002,000 85,000 2,604,000 44,000 29.5 0.4 147,608,000 171,000 77.3 0.1 0.381
Alabama 206,000 11,000 2,789,000 11,000 51,000 6,000 24.9 2.6 2,048,000 21,000 73.4 0.7 0.339
Alaska 20,000 4,000 413,000 6,000 7,000 3,000 34.8 10.9 314,000 9,000 76.1 2.0 0.457
Arizona 177,000 10,000 4,127,000 12,000 53,000 6,000 29.8 2.9 3,142,000 25,000 76.1 0.5 0.391
Arkansas 135,000 8,000 1,640,000 9,000 27,000 5,000 19.9 3.1 1,209,000 17,000 73.7 0.9 0.271
California 814,000 23,000 23,198,000 25,000 249,000 13,000 30.6 1.4 17,423,000 58,000 75.1 0.2 0.408
Colorado 115,000 8,000 3,523,000 11,000 42,000 5,000 36.4 3.6 2,867,000 23,000 81.4 0.6 0.448
Connecticut 78,000 7,000 2,129,000 8,000 22,000 4,000 28.6 3.8 1,681,000 16,000 78.9 0.7 0.362
Delaware 28,000 4,000 560,000 5,000 8,000 3,000 29.1 7.9 441,000 9,000 78.8 1.5 0.369
District of Columbia 17,000 4,000 435,000 4,000 7,000 3,000 39.9 10.1 345,000 8,000 79.4 1.7 0.503
Florida 563,000 18,000 12,370,000 22,000 169,000 11,000 30.0 1.6 9,466,000 46,000 76.5 0.4 0.392
Georgia 309,000 14,000 6,307,000 16,000 93,000 9,000 30.2 2.2 4,836,000 30,000 76.7 0.4 0.393
Hawaii 31,000 5,000 765,000 7,000 10,000 3,000 31.7 5.8 591,000 11,000 77.2 1.3 0.411
Idaho 52,000 6,000 1,074,000 7,000 19,000 4,000 35.7 4.9 836,000 12,000 77.8 1.1 0.459
Illinois 295,000 16,000 7,309,000 17,000 94,000 8,000 31.8 2.2 5,742,000 33,000 78.6 0.4 0.404
Indiana 203,000 11,000 3,855,000 12,000 66,000 7,000 32.3 2.9 3,037,000 22,000 78.8 0.6 0.410
Iowa 70,000 7,000 1,808,000 10,000 26,000 5,000 37.6 4.9 1,485,000 15,000 82.2 0.8 0.458
Kansas 74,000 7,000 1,628,000 10,000 24,000 4,000 32.4 4.5 1,303,000 14,000 80.1 0.8 0.405
Kentucky 193,000 10,000 2,467,000 11,000 41,000 6,000 21.4 2.7 1,862,000 20,000 75.5 0.8 0.284
Louisiana 180,000 11,000 2,502,000 12,000 44,000 5,000 24.5 2.7 1,830,000 20,000 73.1 0.8 0.335
Maine 37,000 5,000 785,000 5,000 10,000 2,000 27.5 5.2 618,000 11,000 78.7 1.3 0.349
Maryland 142,000 9,000 3,570,000 10,000 51,000 7,000 35.8 3.4 2,857,000 20,000 80.0 0.6 0.447
Massachusetts 164,000 9,000 4,197,000 11,000 42,000 6,000 25.9 2.7 3,339,000 22,000 79.6 0.5 0.326
Michigan 293,000 12,000 5,703,000 13,000 74,000 7,000 25.4 2.1 4,364,000 29,000 76.5 0.5 0.332
Minnesota 120,000 9,000 3,302,000 10,000 36,000 6,000 29.8 4.6 2,739,000 25,000 83.0 0.7 0.359
Mississippi 132,000 9,000 1,569,000 10,000 33,000 5,000 24.6 3.0 1,135,000 18,000 72.3 1.0 0.340
Missouri 202,000 11,000 3,442,000 12,000 55,000 6,000 27.3 2.6 2,707,000 26,000 78.7 0.7 0.347
Montana 29,000 5,000 621,000 6,000 10,000 2,000 33.8 6.1 490,000 10,000 78.9 1.3 0.428
Nebraska 39,000 5,000 1,105,000 7,000 14,000 3,000 36.4 5.4 920,000 12,000 83.3 0.9 0.437
Nevada 95,000 9,000 1,821,000 11,000 34,000 6,000 35.5 3.9 1,383,000 18,000 75.9 0.9 0.468
New Hampshire 32,000 4,000 826,000 5,000 9,000 3,000 28.6 7.1 669,000 12,000 81.1 1.3 0.353
New Jersey 183,000 11,000 5,424,000 12,000 57,000 6,000 31.4 2.7 4,262,000 27,000 78.6 0.5 0.399
New Mexico 74,000 8,000 1,146,000 11,000 23,000 5,000 31.2 4.7 837,000 17,000 73.0 1.2 0.428
New York 512,000 18,000 11,520,000 19,000 143,000 11,000 27.8 1.7 8,724,000 48,000 75.7 0.4 0.367
North Carolina 305,000 14,000 6,067,000 16,000 77,000 8,000 25.3 2.1 4,671,000 32,000 77.0 0.5 0.328
North Dakota 17,000 4,000 441,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 30.9 9.5 369,000 9,000 83.7 1.5 0.369
Ohio 352,000 15,000 6,594,000 17,000 102,000 9,000 29.0 2.1 5,179,000 29,000 78.5 0.5 0.369
Oklahoma 151,000 11,000 2,189,000 11,000 44,000 6,000 29.4 2.6 1,642,000 18,000 75.0 0.7 0.392
Oregon 127,000 8,000 2,441,000 9,000 37,000 5,000 29.2 3.1 1,905,000 18,000 78.0 0.6 0.375
Pennsylvania 366,000 17,000 7,354,000 19,000 98,000 9,000 26.9 1.8 5,755,000 33,000 78.3 0.5 0.343
Rhode Island 24,000 4,000 653,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 27.3 7.4 509,000 9,000 78.0 1.2 0.349
South Carolina 175,000 10,000 2,909,000 11,000 45,000 5,000 25.8 2.4 2,202,000 19,000 75.7 0.7 0.340
South Dakota 21,000 5,000 491,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 31.1 8.1 404,000 8,000 82.3 1.4 0.377
Tennessee 231,000 10,000 4,002,000 11,000 57,000 6,000 24.8 2.1 3,085,000 21,000 77.1 0.5 0.321
Texas 728,000 21,000 17,444,000 22,000 248,000 14,000 34.1 1.6 13,376,000 52,000 76.7 0.3 0.444
Utah 57,000 7,000 1,972,000 8,000 24,000 4,000 41.6 4.5 1,591,000 14,000 80.7 0.7 0.515
Vermont 15,000 3,000 376,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 32.5 11.1 302,000 6,000 80.2 1.7 0.405
Virginia 222,000 11,000 4,939,000 14,000 77,000 8,000 34.5 2.7 3,879,000 25,000 78.5 0.5 0.439
Washington 194,000 12,000 4,550,000 15,000 63,000 7,000 32.3 2.8 3,542,000 24,000 77.8 0.5 0.415
West Virginia 83,000 8,000 940,000 9,000 17,000 3,000 20.2 3.4 668,000 14,000 71.0 1.3 0.284
Wisconsin 134,000 10,000 3,386,000 12,000 45,000 7,000 33.2 3.9 2,767,000 24,000 81.7 0.6 0.407
Wyoming 15,000 3,000 322,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 27.6 9.7 260,000 8,000 80.9 2.1 0.342
Puerto Rico 165,000 10,000 1,765,000 10,000 37,000 5,000 22.6 2.6 1,078,000 16,000 61.0 0.9 0.371
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with ambulatory disability over the percentage of employed people without ambulatory disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.5). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 3.6 Employment - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.6 Employment - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Self-Care Dis. No Self-Care Dis. Employment - Self-Care Dis. Employment - No Self-Care Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 3,338,000 50,000 196,496,000 64,000 589,000 20,000 17.6 0.5 149,623,000 167,000 76.1 0.1 0.232
Alabama 68,000 6,000 2,927,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 16.5 4.0 2,088,000 20,000 71.3 0.7 0.231
Alaska 7,000 3,000 426,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 31.7 14.7 319,000 10,000 74.9 2.1 0.424
Arizona 63,000 8,000 4,240,000 9,000 12,000 3,000 18.6 3.8 3,183,000 24,000 75.1 0.5 0.247
Arkansas 43,000 5,000 1,732,000 7,000 6,000 2,000 14.2 4.0 1,230,000 17,000 71.0 0.9 0.201
California 366,000 15,000 23,646,000 20,000 63,000 7,000 17.1 1.8 17,609,000 58,000 74.5 0.3 0.230
Colorado 43,000 6,000 3,595,000 9,000 11,000 3,000 25.5 5.9 2,898,000 22,000 80.6 0.6 0.317
Connecticut 31,000 5,000 2,176,000 7,000 4,000 2,000 14.2 4.7 1,699,000 16,000 78.0 0.7 0.182
Delaware 11,000 3,000 577,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 21.6 12.1 447,000 9,000 77.4 1.6 0.278
District of Columbia 5,000 2,000 446,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 18.2 10.4 351,000 9,000 78.7 1.9 0.232
Florida 203,000 12,000 12,730,000 15,000 35,000 6,000 17.2 2.7 9,600,000 47,000 75.4 0.4 0.228
Georgia 105,000 8,000 6,510,000 12,000 17,000 4,000 16.6 3.3 4,912,000 30,000 75.4 0.5 0.219
Hawaii 14,000 4,000 783,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 25.5 9.9 597,000 10,000 76.3 1.3 0.335
Idaho 22,000 4,000 1,104,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 22.9 7.2 849,000 12,000 76.9 1.1 0.298
Illinois 125,000 11,000 7,480,000 13,000 26,000 5,000 20.5 3.0 5,810,000 32,000 77.7 0.4 0.264
Indiana 67,000 6,000 3,992,000 8,000 13,000 3,000 19.1 4.2 3,090,000 22,000 77.4 0.5 0.246
Iowa 24,000 4,000 1,853,000 7,000 6,000 2,000 23.3 6.7 1,506,000 14,000 81.3 0.7 0.286
Kansas 26,000 5,000 1,675,000 9,000 5,000 3,000 20.7 7.5 1,322,000 15,000 78.9 0.8 0.262
Kentucky 66,000 7,000 2,595,000 9,000 9,000 3,000 13.3 3.4 1,895,000 21,000 73.0 0.7 0.182
Louisiana 59,000 6,000 2,623,000 9,000 8,000 2,000 13.4 3.9 1,866,000 20,000 71.1 0.8 0.188
Maine 13,000 3,000 809,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 9.8 6.8 627,000 11,000 77.5 1.3 0.126
Maryland 50,000 7,000 3,661,000 8,000 9,000 3,000 17.2 4.4 2,899,000 20,000 79.2 0.6 0.218
Massachusetts 68,000 7,000 4,292,000 8,000 9,000 2,000 13.3 3.3 3,373,000 22,000 78.6 0.5 0.169
Michigan 114,000 9,000 5,882,000 12,000 16,000 3,000 13.9 2.6 4,422,000 28,000 75.2 0.5 0.185
Minnesota 52,000 7,000 3,370,000 10,000 10,000 3,000 18.5 5.6 2,766,000 25,000 82.1 0.7 0.226
Mississippi 42,000 5,000 1,659,000 7,000 6,000 3,000 15.0 5.1 1,161,000 17,000 70.0 1.0 0.214
Missouri 74,000 8,000 3,569,000 10,000 13,000 3,000 17.2 3.8 2,750,000 26,000 77.0 0.7 0.223
Montana 12,000 3,000 639,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 25.1 10.0 497,000 9,000 77.9 1.4 0.323
Nebraska 16,000 4,000 1,127,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 16.5 7.0 932,000 11,000 82.7 0.9 0.200
Nevada 35,000 5,000 1,882,000 8,000 8,000 3,000 23.2 6.6 1,409,000 18,000 74.9 0.9 0.309
New Hampshire 10,000 3,000 848,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 24.2 10.9 676,000 12,000 79.8 1.4 0.304
New Jersey 73,000 6,000 5,534,000 9,000 14,000 3,000 18.5 3.8 4,306,000 26,000 77.8 0.4 0.238
New Mexico 28,000 5,000 1,193,000 9,000 4,000 2,000 14.8 6.4 856,000 16,000 71.8 1.2 0.206
New York 203,000 11,000 11,829,000 12,000 31,000 5,000 15.4 2.3 8,836,000 48,000 74.7 0.4 0.206
North Carolina 118,000 9,000 6,255,000 12,000 18,000 4,000 15.5 2.9 4,730,000 33,000 75.6 0.5 0.205
North Dakota 8,000 3,000 450,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 14.0 10.0 373,000 9,000 82.9 1.5 0.169
Ohio 111,000 9,000 6,835,000 13,000 17,000 4,000 15.4 3.0 5,264,000 31,000 77.0 0.4 0.200
Oklahoma 48,000 6,000 2,292,000 7,000 9,000 3,000 17.7 3.9 1,678,000 18,000 73.2 0.7 0.242
Oregon 56,000 6,000 2,512,000 8,000 9,000 3,000 16.5 3.8 1,932,000 18,000 76.9 0.6 0.215
Pennsylvania 143,000 11,000 7,578,000 14,000 25,000 5,000 17.5 3.2 5,828,000 34,000 76.9 0.4 0.227
Rhode Island 11,000 3,000 666,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 23.4 12.9 513,000 9,000 77.1 1.3 0.304
South Carolina 59,000 6,000 3,025,000 8,000 8,000 2,000 13.8 2.9 2,239,000 19,000 74.0 0.6 0.186
South Dakota 8,000 3,000 504,000 5,000 2,000 1,600 19.5 12.5 409,000 8,000 81.2 1.4 0.240
Tennessee 80,000 7,000 4,153,000 9,000 11,000 3,000 13.9 3.2 3,131,000 22,000 75.4 0.5 0.184
Texas 287,000 15,000 17,885,000 19,000 60,000 8,000 21.0 2.1 13,564,000 53,000 75.8 0.3 0.277
Utah 22,000 4,000 2,007,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 22.9 7.0 1,610,000 14,000 80.2 0.7 0.285
Vermont 4,000 2,000 387,000 3,000 600 520 14.4 13.2 306,000 7,000 79.1 1.8 0.182
Virginia 78,000 7,000 5,084,000 11,000 16,000 4,000 21.1 3.7 3,939,000 23,000 77.5 0.4 0.273
Washington 81,000 7,000 4,663,000 12,000 19,000 4,000 22.8 3.7 3,586,000 23,000 76.9 0.4 0.297
West Virginia 30,000 5,000 993,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 13.7 4.8 680,000 14,000 68.5 1.3 0.200
Wisconsin 51,000 7,000 3,470,000 9,000 12,000 4,000 23.2 6.3 2,800,000 22,000 80.7 0.6 0.287
Wyoming 5,000 2,000 332,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 26.5 19.6 263,000 7,000 79.3 2.0 0.334
Puerto Rico 63,000 7,000 1,868,000 6,000 9,000 3,000 13.7 3.7 1,106,000 17,000 59.2 0.9 0.232
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with self-care disability over the percentage of employed people without self-care disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.6). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 3.7 Employment - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022

Table 3.7 Employment - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2022
State Ind. Living Dis. No Ind. Living Dis. Employment - Ind. Living Dis. Employment - No Ind. Living Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 7,860,000 78,000 191,975,000 88,000 1,851,000 35,000 23.5 0.4 148,361,000 173,000 77.3 0.1 0.305
Alabama 156,000 10,000 2,840,000 10,000 27,000 5,000 17.4 2.7 2,072,000 20,000 73.0 0.7 0.239
Alaska 18,000 4,000 415,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 27.4 9.0 316,000 10,000 76.2 2.0 0.360
Arizona 158,000 13,000 4,145,000 14,000 42,000 6,000 26.5 3.1 3,153,000 25,000 76.1 0.5 0.348
Arkansas 97,000 8,000 1,679,000 9,000 19,000 3,000 19.3 2.8 1,217,000 17,000 72.5 0.9 0.266
California 799,000 26,000 23,213,000 29,000 173,000 11,000 21.6 1.1 17,499,000 57,000 75.4 0.3 0.287
Colorado 121,000 9,000 3,517,000 11,000 41,000 6,000 34.4 3.7 2,867,000 22,000 81.5 0.6 0.421
Connecticut 80,000 8,000 2,128,000 10,000 21,000 4,000 26.2 3.8 1,682,000 17,000 79.1 0.8 0.331
Delaware 22,000 4,000 566,000 4,000 7,000 3,000 33.6 8.6 442,000 10,000 78.1 1.6 0.431
District of Columbia 13,000 3,000 439,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 22.7 8.1 349,000 9,000 79.5 1.7 0.285
Florida 466,000 19,000 12,466,000 22,000 101,000 9,000 21.7 1.7 9,533,000 48,000 76.5 0.4 0.284
Georgia 263,000 14,000 6,352,000 17,000 52,000 6,000 19.6 2.2 4,878,000 30,000 76.8 0.4 0.255
Hawaii 30,000 5,000 766,000 7,000 9,000 3,000 29.3 6.5 592,000 11,000 77.2 1.3 0.380
Idaho 52,000 7,000 1,074,000 7,000 17,000 4,000 31.7 5.5 838,000 12,000 78.0 1.1 0.407
Illinois 273,000 16,000 7,332,000 17,000 67,000 7,000 24.6 2.1 5,769,000 32,000 78.7 0.4 0.312
Indiana 171,000 11,000 3,888,000 13,000 45,000 6,000 26.1 2.8 3,058,000 22,000 78.7 0.6 0.332
Iowa 69,000 9,000 1,808,000 10,000 23,000 5,000 32.8 5.0 1,489,000 15,000 82.3 0.8 0.398
Kansas 66,000 7,000 1,636,000 10,000 17,000 4,000 25.2 5.1 1,310,000 15,000 80.1 0.8 0.315
Kentucky 154,000 9,000 2,507,000 12,000 29,000 4,000 19.1 2.5 1,874,000 20,000 74.8 0.7 0.255
Louisiana 133,000 10,000 2,549,000 11,000 24,000 5,000 17.9 3.2 1,850,000 21,000 72.6 0.7 0.247
Maine 36,000 5,000 786,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 19.9 5.4 621,000 11,000 79.0 1.3 0.252
Maryland 124,000 9,000 3,587,000 10,000 31,000 5,000 24.6 3.1 2,877,000 20,000 80.2 0.6 0.307
Massachusetts 168,000 11,000 4,192,000 12,000 37,000 5,000 22.1 2.5 3,344,000 23,000 79.8 0.5 0.277
Michigan 269,000 12,000 5,727,000 15,000 58,000 7,000 21.6 2.4 4,380,000 30,000 76.5 0.5 0.282
Minnesota 130,000 11,000 3,292,000 13,000 45,000 7,000 34.4 3.9 2,731,000 25,000 82.9 0.7 0.415
Mississippi 87,000 8,000 1,614,000 8,000 15,000 4,000 17.1 3.6 1,153,000 17,000 71.4 0.9 0.240
Missouri 177,000 12,000 3,466,000 13,000 43,000 5,000 24.1 2.5 2,720,000 26,000 78.5 0.7 0.307
Montana 27,000 4,000 623,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 25.2 7.3 493,000 10,000 79.2 1.5 0.318
Nebraska 40,000 6,000 1,104,000 7,000 12,000 3,000 29.9 5.5 923,000 12,000 83.6 0.9 0.358
Nevada 79,000 8,000 1,837,000 9,000 19,000 4,000 23.9 4.0 1,398,000 17,000 76.1 0.9 0.313
New Hampshire 30,000 5,000 827,000 6,000 8,000 3,000 28.0 6.9 670,000 12,000 81.0 1.3 0.345
New Jersey 172,000 10,000 5,435,000 11,000 41,000 5,000 23.7 2.5 4,278,000 26,000 78.7 0.4 0.301
New Mexico 60,000 7,000 1,161,000 10,000 12,000 3,000 20.3 4.7 848,000 16,000 73.0 1.2 0.279
New York 451,000 17,000 11,580,000 18,000 86,000 8,000 19.1 1.5 8,781,000 48,000 75.8 0.4 0.252
North Carolina 250,000 12,000 6,123,000 15,000 54,000 7,000 21.6 2.5 4,694,000 33,000 76.7 0.5 0.282
North Dakota 19,000 4,000 440,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 37.8 8.6 368,000 9,000 83.6 1.5 0.452
Ohio 303,000 15,000 6,642,000 19,000 74,000 8,000 24.5 2.2 5,206,000 32,000 78.4 0.4 0.313
Oklahoma 123,000 9,000 2,217,000 10,000 29,000 5,000 23.7 3.3 1,657,000 17,000 74.7 0.7 0.317
Oregon 131,000 10,000 2,437,000 12,000 32,000 4,000 24.5 2.6 1,910,000 19,000 78.4 0.7 0.313
Pennsylvania 352,000 17,000 7,369,000 19,000 84,000 9,000 23.9 2.0 5,769,000 34,000 78.3 0.4 0.305
Rhode Island 26,000 4,000 651,000 4,000 6,000 2,000 21.0 5.8 510,000 9,000 78.4 1.3 0.268
South Carolina 134,000 9,000 2,950,000 10,000 25,000 3,000 18.6 2.2 2,222,000 19,000 75.3 0.7 0.246
South Dakota 17,000 4,000 496,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 22.7 8.5 407,000 8,000 82.1 1.4 0.276
Tennessee 194,000 10,000 4,039,000 11,000 41,000 6,000 21.1 2.5 3,101,000 22,000 76.8 0.5 0.275
Texas 634,000 22,000 17,538,000 24,000 163,000 10,000 25.7 1.3 13,461,000 54,000 76.8 0.3 0.335
Utah 67,000 7,000 1,963,000 8,000 26,000 5,000 38.3 5.3 1,589,000 14,000 81.0 0.7 0.474
Vermont 19,000 4,000 372,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 36.5 10.2 300,000 7,000 80.5 1.7 0.453
Virginia 189,000 11,000 4,973,000 13,000 46,000 5,000 24.6 2.4 3,909,000 23,000 78.6 0.4 0.312
Washington 200,000 12,000 4,544,000 15,000 54,000 6,000 26.9 2.6 3,550,000 25,000 78.1 0.5 0.344
West Virginia 66,000 7,000 957,000 8,000 12,000 3,000 18.3 4.4 672,000 14,000 70.2 1.3 0.261
Wisconsin 133,000 10,000 3,388,000 11,000 41,000 7,000 30.9 4.2 2,770,000 22,000 81.8 0.6 0.378
Wyoming 13,000 3,000 323,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 39.8 11.4 259,000 8,000 80.1 2.0 0.497
Puerto Rico 113,000 9,000 1,818,000 9,000 15,000 3,000 12.9 2.3 1,100,000 17,000 60.5 0.9 0.213
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2022), which is subject to sampling variability.Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of employed people with independent disability over the percentage of employed people without independent disability. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Paul, S., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2024). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2024 (Table 3.7). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.