Section 2: Functioning - Compendium (2025)

This section expands upon Section 1: Population and Prevalence to provide more details about prevalence by disability types. Here, the prevalence of people with multiple disability types, specifically those who have a functional limitation (vision, hearing, ambulatory, or cognitive disabilities) as well as an activity of daily living disability (self-care disabilities) and/or an instrumental activity of daily living disability (independent living disabilities). Self-Care disabilities are defined as difficulties with activities that promote well-being and health, such as bathing or dressing. Independent living disabilities are defined as difficulties with doing activities alone that promote self-determination and self-respect, such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping. Activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living can be proxies for whether the environment is enabling or disabiling. For example, a person with vision disabilities may identify as also having self-care disabilities in an unsupportive environment but may not report a self-care disability in an environment with adequate accommodation. Self-Care and independent living disabilities can occur at the same time or exclusive of one another (e.g. an individual can have difficulties bathing but is able to go shopping alone).

The source of these data is the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. Statistics for people with disabilities (disability status or disability type) are based on having responded ‘yes’ to a series of questions within the American Community Survey (go to the glossary for more details). Please note that this section focuses on people ages 18-64.

Tables

Table 2.1: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 473,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both hearing disabilities and self-care disabilities (11.7%); 787,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both hearing disabilities and independent living disabilities (19.5%). Table 2.1 Functioning - Civilians with Hearing and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.2: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 390,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had hearing disabilities and both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (9.7%); 83,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with hearing disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (2.1%); 397,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with hearing disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (9.8%). Table 2.2 Functioning - Civilians with Hearing and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.3: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 653,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both vision disabilities and self-care disabilities (15.3%); 1,167,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both vision disabilities and independent living disabilities (27.3%). Table 2.3 Functioning - Civilians with Vision and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.4: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 575,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had vision disabilities and both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (13.5%); 79,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with vision disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (1.8%); 592,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with vision disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (13.9%). Table 2.4 Functioning - Civilians with Vision and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.5: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 2,700,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both ambulatory disabilities and self-care disabilities (31.3%); 3,842,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both ambulatory disabilities and independent living disabilities (44.6%). Table 2.5 Functioning - Civilians with Ambulatory and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.6: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 2,203,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had ambulatory disabilities and both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (25.6%); 497,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with ambulatory disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (5.8%); 1,639,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with ambulatory disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (19%). Table 2.6 Functioning - Civilians with Ambulatory and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.7: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 1,890,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both cognitive disabilities and self-care disabilities (17.7%); 4,798,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had both cognitive disabilities and independent living disabilities (45%). Table 2.7 Functioning - Civilians with Cognitive and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.8: In 2023, in the United States an estimated 1,686,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community had cognitive disabilities and both self-care disabilities and independent living disabilities (15.8%); 203,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with cognitive disabilities had self-care disabilities but not independent living disabilities (1.9%); 3,112,000 civilians ages 18-64 living in the community with cognitive disabilities had independent living disabilities but not self-care disabilities (29.2%). Table 2.8 Functioning - Civilians with Cognitive and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.1 Functioning - Civilians with Hearing and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.1 Functioning - Civilians with Hearing and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State Total Hearing Dis. With Self-Care Dis. With Independent Living Dis.
# ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 4,041,000 53,000 473,000 19,000 11.7 0.4 787,000 21,000 19.5 0.5
Alabama 80,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 14.1 3.4 18,000 3,000 22.5 3.6
Alaska 16,000 4,000 2,000 1,700 10.7 8.9 4,000 2,000 22.7 10.0
Arizona 89,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 11.8 3.1 15,000 4,000 17.3 3.4
Arkansas 53,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 12.1 3.4 11,000 3,000 20.3 4.7
California 377,000 14,000 54,000 7,000 14.2 1.6 84,000 8,000 22.2 1.8
Colorado 70,000 8,000 7,000 3,000 10.5 4.0 11,000 4,000 15.0 4.5
Connecticut 34,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 10.3 6.4 6,000 3,000 18.1 6.7
Delaware 12,000 3,000 900 1,100 7.6 6.8 2,000 1,000 18.0 8.5
District of Columbia 6,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 17.4 8.1 2,000 1,200 24.0 12.2
Florida 240,000 13,000 25,000 3,000 10.4 1.4 48,000 5,000 20.0 2.0
Georgia 130,000 9,000 17,000 4,000 13.3 2.8 28,000 5,000 21.8 3.4
Hawaii 19,000 5,000 2,000 1,100 8.6 4.3 4,000 2,000 18.6 6.5
Idaho 32,000 5,000 2,000 1,400 5.2 3.7 3,000 2,000 10.9 4.9
Illinois 127,000 10,000 13,000 4,000 10.6 2.1 22,000 5,000 17.0 3.2
Indiana 89,000 8,000 9,000 3,000 9.7 2.6 18,000 4,000 20.8 3.4
Iowa 43,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 7.6 4.2 5,000 2,000 12.8 4.1
Kansas 41,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 11.6 3.7 8,000 3,000 20.6 5.1
Kentucky 85,000 7,000 13,000 3,000 14.8 3.3 20,000 4,000 23.9 4.1
Louisiana 74,000 7,000 8,000 2,000 10.5 2.8 15,000 3,000 20.2 3.5
Maine 25,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 12.8 7.2 4,000 2,000 16.3 6.1
Maryland 53,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 8.6 3.0 7,000 2,000 13.4 3.6
Massachusetts 66,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 10.5 3.6 14,000 4,000 21.0 4.6
Michigan 122,000 10,000 14,000 4,000 11.8 2.8 23,000 4,000 18.7 2.8
Minnesota 63,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 9.6 2.8 10,000 3,000 16.2 3.5
Mississippi 41,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 10.3 4.0 9,000 3,000 20.8 5.1
Missouri 86,000 8,000 10,000 3,000 11.2 3.0 16,000 3,000 18.2 3.6
Montana 20,000 4,000 2,000 1,100 9.6 5.0 3,000 2,000 14.0 7.4
Nebraska 22,000 4,000 2,000 1,400 7.6 5.4 3,000 2,000 11.4 6.1
Nevada 49,000 6,000 10,000 3,000 19.9 5.0 13,000 3,000 25.8 5.2
New Hampshire 20,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 15.4 5.9 4,000 1,000 20.3 6.2
New Jersey 75,000 8,000 8,000 3,000 11.2 3.2 14,000 4,000 19.1 4.1
New Mexico 34,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 7.4 3.4 5,000 2,000 14.9 4.6
New York 169,000 9,000 22,000 4,000 13.1 2.4 34,000 5,000 20.0 2.6
North Carolina 146,000 9,000 22,000 4,000 14.9 2.5 29,000 4,000 19.8 2.9
North Dakota 14,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 8.7 5.7 2,000 2,000 18.4 8.8
Ohio 160,000 11,000 17,000 3,000 10.6 2.1 35,000 5,000 21.9 2.8
Oklahoma 81,000 7,000 11,000 3,000 13.0 2.8 16,000 3,000 19.9 3.8
Oregon 54,000 7,000 4,000 2,000 7.6 2.9 10,000 3,000 18.8 3.6
Pennsylvania 153,000 12,000 17,000 4,000 11.4 2.6 29,000 6,000 19.1 3.1
Rhode Island 11,000 2,000 900 500 8.4 5.6 3,000 2,000 23.1 8.9
South Carolina 68,000 6,000 7,000 3,000 11.0 3.7 14,000 4,000 20.9 4.9
South Dakota 12,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 11.7 9.1 2,000 1,400 14.6 8.5
Tennessee 106,000 8,000 13,000 3,000 11.9 2.4 22,000 4,000 21.0 3.0
Texas 402,000 16,000 46,000 5,000 11.4 1.3 76,000 8,000 18.9 1.7
Utah 37,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 9.1 3.8 5,000 2,000 12.9 4.5
Vermont 11,000 4,000 2,000 1,800 15.2 11.9 2,000 1,300 16.3 9.4
Virginia 97,000 8,000 10,000 3,000 10.4 2.9 16,000 4,000 16.8 3.2
Washington 117,000 9,000 15,000 5,000 12.5 3.7 25,000 6,000 21.0 4.0
West Virginia 33,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 15.8 5.5 7,000 3,000 22.5 6.1
Wisconsin 68,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 9.7 3.3 11,000 3,000 15.8 3.9
Wyoming 12,000 3,000 500 520 4.1 5.1 900 1,100 7.8 6.1
Puerto Rico 44,000 6,000 8,000 3,000 18.4 6.0 14,000 4,000 31.0 6.2
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.1). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.2 Functioning - Civilians with Hearing and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.2 Functioning - Civilians with Hearing and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State With Self-Care and Ind. Living Dis. With Self-Care Dis. Only With Ind. Living Dis. Only
# ME# % ME% # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 390,000 17,000 9.7 0.4 83,000 8,000 2.1 0.2 397,000 16,000 9.8 0.4
Alabama 10,000 3,000 12.0 2.9 2,000 1,300 2.2 1.4 8,000 3,000 10.5 2.7
Alaska 1,000 1,000 6.8 5.7 600 1,400 3.9 7.7 3,000 2,200 15.9 10.4
Arizona 8,000 3,000 9.1 2.8 2,000 2,000 2.7 2.0 7,000 2,000 8.2 2.4
Arkansas 5,000 2,000 9.3 2.9 1,000 2,000 2.8 2.2 6,000 2,000 11.0 4.0
California 47,000 6,000 12.6 1.5 6,000 2,000 1.6 0.5 36,000 6,000 9.6 1.3
Colorado 6,000 3,000 8.2 3.6 2,000 1,500 2.3 1.8 5,000 2,000 6.8 2.4
Connecticut 3,000 2,000 9.3 6.4 300 500 1.0 1.9 3,000 1,000 8.7 3.4
Delaware 800 1,200 6.7 6.5 100 200 0.8 2.2 1,000 1,000 11.2 6.6
District of Columbia 1,000 1,000 17.4 8.1 0 0 0.0 * 400 500 6.6 10.5
Florida 21,000 4,000 8.7 1.4 4,000 2,000 1.7 0.7 27,000 4,000 11.3 1.7
Georgia 15,000 4,000 11.7 2.8 2,000 1,000 1.5 0.8 13,000 3,000 10.1 2.2
Hawaii 1,000 1,000 5.5 3.9 600 200 3.1 1.5 2,000 2,000 13.1 6.8
Idaho 1,000 1,000 3.3 2.8 600 670 1.8 2.6 2,000 2,000 7.5 4.6
Illinois 10,000 3,000 8.0 2.1 3,000 2,000 2.6 1.8 12,000 3,000 9.0 2.4
Indiana 7,000 2,000 7.6 2.5 2,000 1,000 2.1 1.1 12,000 3,000 13.2 2.8
Iowa 1,000 1,000 3.4 1.7 2,000 1,800 4.2 4.2 4,000 2,000 9.4 4.1
Kansas 4,000 2,000 8.8 3.4 1,000 1,000 2.8 1.2 5,000 2,000 11.9 4.6
Kentucky 10,000 3,000 11.7 3.0 3,000 1,000 3.2 1.3 10,000 4,000 12.2 3.8
Louisiana 6,000 2,000 8.8 2.7 1,000 1,000 1.7 1.2 8,000 3,000 11.4 2.7
Maine 2,000 2,000 9.4 5.1 800 1,200 3.4 5.6 2,000 1,400 6.9 4.8
Maryland 4,000 2,000 7.6 2.9 500 570 1.0 1.4 3,000 1,000 5.8 2.2
Massachusetts 6,000 3,000 9.8 3.5 400 500 0.7 0.8 7,000 3,000 11.2 3.8
Michigan 11,000 3,000 9.1 2.3 3,000 2,000 2.8 1.3 12,000 3,000 9.7 1.9
Minnesota 4,000 2,000 7.0 2.4 2,000 1,200 2.6 1.4 6,000 2,000 9.2 3.2
Mississippi 3,000 2,000 8.1 3.4 900 1,100 2.2 2.0 5,000 2,000 12.6 4.5
Missouri 8,000 3,000 9.1 2.7 2,000 1,300 2.2 1.5 8,000 2,000 9.2 2.6
Montana 1,000 1,000 7.0 4.4 500 560 2.5 3.4 1,000 1,000 7.0 6.0
Nebraska 1,000 2,000 6.5 5.3 200 300 1.0 1.5 1,000 1,000 4.8 3.2
Nevada 9,000 3,000 17.9 4.6 1,000 1,000 2.0 1.9 4,000 1,000 7.9 2.6
New Hampshire 2,000 2,000 12.5 5.1 600 620 2.9 3.3 2,000 1,300 7.8 4.8
New Jersey 7,000 3,000 8.9 3.1 2,000 1,400 2.3 1.7 8,000 3,000 10.2 3.4
New Mexico 2,000 1,000 5.7 3.1 600 750 1.7 2.6 3,000 1,000 9.2 3.9
New York 19,000 4,000 11.1 2.2 3,000 2,000 2.0 0.9 15,000 3,000 8.8 1.9
North Carolina 18,000 4,000 12.0 2.4 4,000 2,000 2.9 1.3 11,000 3,000 7.8 1.8
North Dakota 1,000 1,000 8.4 5.4 50 100 0.3 0.9 1,000 1,000 10.0 8.0
Ohio 15,000 4,000 9.1 2.0 2,000 2,000 1.5 0.9 20,000 4,000 12.8 2.2
Oklahoma 8,000 2,000 10.1 2.7 2,000 2,000 3.0 1.5 8,000 2,000 9.9 2.8
Oregon 3,000 2,000 6.1 2.4 800 700 1.5 1.4 7,000 2,000 12.7 3.4
Pennsylvania 14,000 4,000 9.3 2.4 3,000 2,000 2.1 1.4 15,000 4,000 9.8 2.2
Rhode Island 900 500 8.4 5.6 0 0 0.0 * 2,000 1,500 14.7 9.7
South Carolina 7,000 3,000 9.6 3.7 900 1,100 1.3 1.1 8,000 3,000 11.3 3.4
South Dakota 1,000 1,000 11.0 9.2 70 140 0.6 1.7 400 400 3.6 3.4
Tennessee 11,000 3,000 10.2 2.3 2,000 1,000 1.7 0.7 11,000 3,000 10.8 2.5
Texas 38,000 5,000 9.6 1.2 7,000 2,000 1.9 0.5 37,000 5,000 9.3 1.2
Utah 3,000 1,000 7.8 3.6 500 460 1.3 1.4 2,000 1,100 5.1 2.9
Vermont 1,000 1,050 8.8 9.3 700 1,300 6.4 10.2 800 600 7.4 6.2
Virginia 8,000 3,000 8.0 2.8 2,000 1,000 2.4 1.1 8,000 3,000 8.7 2.2
Washington 13,000 5,000 10.7 3.7 2,000 1,300 1.7 1.4 12,000 3,000 10.3 2.4
West Virginia 4,000 2,000 12.1 4.6 1,000 1,000 3.8 2.8 3,000 2,000 10.4 4.7
Wisconsin 5,000 2,000 7.7 2.9 1,000 1,000 2.1 1.5 5,000 2,000 8.1 2.9
Wyoming 200 300 1.7 2.8 300 440 2.5 5.0 700 500 6.1 4.9
Puerto Rico 8,000 3,000 17.1 6.0 600 500 1.3 1.3 6,000 2,000 13.9 4.6
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
*estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.3 Functioning - Civilians with Vision and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.3 Functioning - Civilians with Vision and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State Total Vision Dis. With Self-Care Dis. With Independent Living Dis.
# ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 4,270,000 62,000 653,000 20,000 15.3 0.4 1,167,000 30,000 27.3 0.6
Alabama 85,000 9,000 16,000 3,000 18.5 3.1 27,000 4,000 31.3 3.2
Alaska 9,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 16.2 8.8 2,000 1,000 22.9 9.6
Arizona 102,000 8,000 18,000 4,000 17.4 3.6 28,000 5,000 27.6 4.2
Arkansas 57,000 7,000 11,000 3,000 20.1 4.6 17,000 4,000 29.9 5.8
California 421,000 22,000 76,000 8,000 18.1 1.4 123,000 11,000 29.3 1.8
Colorado 65,000 7,000 11,000 4,000 16.5 5.1 18,000 5,000 26.9 5.2
Connecticut 39,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 13.5 4.4 10,000 3,000 25.9 5.6
Delaware 12,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 10.8 7.9 3,000 2,000 27.5 10.9
District of Columbia 9,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 13.9 6.8 2,000 1,000 24.2 10.7
Florida 245,000 14,000 36,000 4,000 14.7 1.6 67,000 7,000 27.4 2.3
Georgia 168,000 10,000 26,000 5,000 15.8 2.5 45,000 7,000 27.1 3.3
Hawaii 15,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 8.3 4.8 3,000 2,000 23.2 9.1
Idaho 23,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 5.7 2.9 5,000 2,000 24.0 6.8
Illinois 142,000 12,000 18,000 4,000 12.7 2.2 33,000 6,000 23.0 3.0
Indiana 91,000 9,000 14,000 3,000 15.6 2.6 28,000 5,000 30.8 4.5
Iowa 36,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 11.6 4.5 9,000 3,000 25.4 5.6
Kansas 39,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 15.7 4.2 10,000 2,000 25.0 4.6
Kentucky 87,000 7,000 16,000 4,000 18.8 3.6 26,000 4,000 29.8 3.8
Louisiana 94,000 9,000 13,000 3,000 14.3 2.7 26,000 4,000 27.9 3.8
Maine 18,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 23.5 11.5 6,000 2,000 34.4 9.2
Maryland 63,000 7,000 8,000 2,000 13.2 3.0 14,000 3,000 22.5 4.4
Massachusetts 67,000 8,000 10,000 3,000 15.7 3.7 20,000 4,000 29.6 3.8
Michigan 114,000 10,000 16,000 3,000 14.0 2.6 30,000 4,000 26.5 3.5
Minnesota 47,000 8,000 9,000 2,000 19.3 4.1 15,000 3,000 32.0 5.4
Mississippi 58,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 12.9 3.8 14,000 4,000 24.5 5.3
Missouri 84,000 7,000 13,000 3,000 15.5 3.4 24,000 5,000 28.2 4.7
Montana 12,000 3,000 2,000 1,300 14.7 9.5 2,000 1,300 14.5 9.3
Nebraska 25,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 10.5 5.5 6,000 2,000 24.8 7.5
Nevada 62,000 8,000 10,000 3,000 15.3 3.9 17,000 4,000 27.4 5.0
New Hampshire 15,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 15.3 6.7 4,000 2,000 27.9 8.2
New Jersey 104,000 9,000 15,000 3,000 14.6 2.9 24,000 5,000 23.4 3.5
New Mexico 42,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 13.9 5.1 11,000 3,000 26.9 5.5
New York 237,000 15,000 39,000 6,000 16.4 2.2 64,000 6,000 26.9 2.3
North Carolina 143,000 11,000 23,000 4,000 16.1 2.8 37,000 5,000 26.1 2.9
North Dakota 10,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 20.6 10.5 4,000 2,000 36.6 12.1
Ohio 142,000 11,000 22,000 4,000 15.4 2.7 41,000 6,000 28.8 3.5
Oklahoma 86,000 9,000 14,000 3,000 15.9 3.0 26,000 5,000 30.6 4.7
Oregon 47,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 14.4 3.6 12,000 3,000 25.2 5.2
Pennsylvania 161,000 12,000 25,000 5,000 15.5 2.5 47,000 7,000 29.4 3.0
Rhode Island 12,000 3,000 900 400 7.6 4.5 3,000 1,000 22.2 9.4
South Carolina 85,000 7,000 11,000 3,000 13.3 3.6 24,000 4,000 28.2 3.9
South Dakota 9,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 16.4 9.4 2,000 1,100 20.4 9.8
Tennessee 103,000 7,000 16,000 3,000 15.8 3.0 31,000 4,000 30.0 3.6
Texas 463,000 20,000 62,000 7,000 13.4 1.6 118,000 9,000 25.4 1.8
Utah 34,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 11.5 4.9 7,000 2,000 19.4 4.8
Vermont 6,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 18.7 14.6 2,000 1,500 26.4 14.7
Virginia 101,000 9,000 11,000 3,000 10.5 2.9 26,000 5,000 25.8 3.7
Washington 93,000 8,000 16,000 5,000 17.0 4.4 29,000 6,000 31.7 4.5
West Virginia 33,000 5,000 7,000 3,000 20.0 6.2 10,000 3,000 31.6 7.5
Wisconsin 50,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 14.9 4.5 12,000 4,000 25.0 5.7
Wyoming 8,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 13.0 10.0 2,000 1,500 20.4 13.0
Puerto Rico 111,000 8,000 14,000 4,000 12.2 3.1 24,000 5,000 22.0 3.9
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.3). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.4 Functioning - Civilians with Vision and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.4 Functioning - Civilians with Vision and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State With Self-Care and Ind. Living Dis. With Self-Care Dis. Only With Ind. Living Dis. Only
# ME# % ME% # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 575,000 19,000 13.5 0.4 79,000 8,000 1.8 0.2 592,000 22,000 13.9 0.5
Alabama 13,000 3,000 15.6 3.0 2,000 2,000 2.9 1.4 13,000 3,000 15.7 2.9
Alaska 1,000 1,000 15.3 8.6 80 160 0.9 2.3 600 400 7.6 5.1
Arizona 15,000 4,000 14.9 3.4 3,000 2,200 2.5 1.9 13,000 3,000 12.6 3.1
Arkansas 10,000 3,000 18.0 4.6 1,000 1,000 2.1 1.7 7,000 2,000 11.9 3.3
California 69,000 7,000 16.4 1.4 7,000 2,000 1.7 0.4 54,000 7,000 12.9 1.5
Colorado 10,000 4,000 15.2 5.1 800 1,200 1.3 1.2 8,000 3,000 11.7 3.2
Connecticut 4,000 2,000 11.3 4.2 800 1,200 2.2 2.5 6,000 2,000 14.6 5.0
Delaware 1,000 1,000 10.8 7.9 0 0 0.0 * 2,000 1,100 16.7 9.2
District of Columbia 1,000 1,000 13.9 6.8 0 0 0.0 * 900 1,100 10.4 9.5
Florida 31,000 5,000 12.8 1.7 5,000 2,000 1.8 0.7 36,000 5,000 14.6 2.0
Georgia 24,000 4,000 14.3 2.5 2,000 2,000 1.5 0.7 21,000 4,000 12.8 2.3
Hawaii 1,000 1,000 7.5 4.4 100 300 0.8 2.9 2,000 2,000 15.7 9.8
Idaho 1,000 1,000 5.1 2.5 200 280 0.7 1.3 4,000 2,000 18.9 6.8
Illinois 15,000 4,000 10.5 2.1 3,000 2,000 2.2 1.7 18,000 4,000 12.5 2.4
Indiana 12,000 3,000 13.2 2.6 2,000 1,000 2.5 1.1 16,000 4,000 17.6 3.9
Iowa 3,000 1,000 9.1 3.3 900 1,100 2.5 3.4 6,000 2,000 16.3 4.9
Kansas 5,000 2,000 13.7 4.1 800 400 2.0 1.2 4,000 2,000 11.3 3.9
Kentucky 14,000 3,000 16.1 3.5 2,000 1,000 2.7 1.3 12,000 3,000 13.7 3.2
Louisiana 12,000 3,000 12.5 2.8 2,000 1,300 1.7 1.0 14,000 4,000 15.3 3.2
Maine 3,000 1,000 16.7 7.5 1,000 2,000 6.7 10.7 3,000 2,000 17.6 7.7
Maryland 6,000 2,000 10.2 2.8 2,000 1,400 2.9 2.2 8,000 3,000 12.3 3.5
Massachusetts 9,000 3,000 14.0 3.3 1,000 1,000 1.6 1.4 10,000 3,000 15.6 3.5
Michigan 14,000 3,000 12.0 2.4 2,000 2,000 2.0 1.2 17,000 3,000 14.6 2.6
Minnesota 8,000 3,000 17.8 4.3 700 710 1.4 1.8 7,000 2,000 14.2 4.2
Mississippi 6,000 3,000 11.0 3.8 1,000 1,000 1.9 1.5 8,000 2,000 13.4 3.7
Missouri 11,000 3,000 13.5 3.3 2,000 1,300 2.0 1.3 12,000 4,000 14.7 4.2
Montana 1,000 1,000 10.9 8.3 500 630 3.9 6.4 400 500 3.6 4.9
Nebraska 3,000 2,000 10.3 5.4 60 140 0.3 0.7 4,000 2,000 14.5 5.9
Nevada 9,000 3,000 13.8 3.7 900 1,100 1.5 1.7 8,000 3,000 13.6 4.1
New Hampshire 2,000 1,100 12.9 6.4 400 460 2.5 3.6 2,000 1,000 15.1 7.4
New Jersey 13,000 3,000 12.8 2.8 2,000 1,300 1.9 1.3 11,000 3,000 10.6 2.6
New Mexico 5,000 2,000 11.4 4.1 1,000 1,000 2.5 2.9 7,000 3,000 15.5 5.3
New York 34,000 5,000 14.3 2.0 5,000 2,000 2.1 1.0 30,000 5,000 12.6 2.0
North Carolina 20,000 4,000 14.3 2.5 3,000 2,000 1.8 0.9 17,000 3,000 11.8 2.2
North Dakota 2,000 1,000 18.6 9.9 200 300 2.0 3.4 2,000 1,400 17.9 11.1
Ohio 19,000 4,000 13.5 2.7 3,000 2,000 1.8 1.0 22,000 4,000 15.3 2.3
Oklahoma 12,000 3,000 14.3 2.8 1,000 1,000 1.6 1.0 14,000 4,000 16.3 4.3
Oregon 5,000 2,000 11.3 3.7 1,000 1,000 3.0 1.8 6,000 2,000 13.8 4.0
Pennsylvania 21,000 5,000 12.8 2.4 4,000 2,000 2.7 1.4 27,000 5,000 16.6 2.8
Rhode Island 900 400 7.6 4.5 0 0 0.0 * 2,000 1,200 14.6 7.9
South Carolina 10,000 3,000 11.9 3.3 1,000 1,000 1.4 1.0 14,000 3,000 16.3 3.5
South Dakota 1,000 1,000 16.4 9.4 0 0 0.0 * 300 300 3.9 3.8
Tennessee 15,000 3,000 14.4 2.9 1,000 1,000 1.3 0.9 16,000 3,000 15.5 3.1
Texas 56,000 7,000 12.0 1.5 7,000 2,000 1.4 0.5 62,000 5,000 13.4 1.2
Utah 3,000 2,000 9.3 4.1 700 690 2.2 2.5 3,000 2,000 10.1 3.8
Vermont 1,000 1,000 16.9 14.9 100 0 1.8 0.8 600 540 9.6 9.4
Virginia 10,000 3,000 9.4 2.9 1,000 1,000 1.1 0.9 17,000 4,000 16.4 3.2
Washington 15,000 5,000 16.0 4.4 1,000 1,000 1.0 1.2 15,000 3,000 15.7 2.8
West Virginia 6,000 3,000 19.2 6.3 300 340 0.8 1.1 4,000 1,000 12.4 4.3
Wisconsin 7,000 3,000 13.4 4.4 700 620 1.5 1.5 6,000 3,000 11.6 4.9
Wyoming 900 1,100 11.4 9.8 100 300 1.6 4.1 700 710 9.1 10.2
Puerto Rico 13,000 4,000 11.3 3.1 1,000 1,000 0.9 0.7 12,000 3,000 10.6 2.6
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
*estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.4). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.5 Functioning - Civilians with Ambulatory and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.5 Functioning - Civilians with Ambulatory and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State Total Ambulatory Dis. With Self-Care Dis. With Independent Living Dis.
# ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 8,621,000 76,000 2,700,000 40,000 31.3 0.4 3,842,000 49,000 44.6 0.5
Alabama 202,000 13,000 61,000 6,000 30.0 2.2 91,000 8,000 44.9 2.8
Alaska 20,000 4,000 6,000 2,000 30.7 8.5 9,000 3,000 43.6 9.7
Arizona 186,000 9,000 56,000 6,000 30.2 2.7 86,000 7,000 46.1 2.6
Arkansas 124,000 9,000 40,000 5,000 32.3 2.8 55,000 7,000 44.5 3.8
California 810,000 19,000 281,000 13,000 34.7 1.4 390,000 16,000 48.2 1.4
Colorado 110,000 9,000 34,000 5,000 30.4 3.3 49,000 6,000 44.7 3.4
Connecticut 79,000 8,000 24,000 4,000 29.6 4.4 35,000 5,000 43.6 4.5
Delaware 25,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 22.5 6.3 9,000 2,000 35.8 6.9
District of Columbia 17,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 22.6 8.5 6,000 2,000 34.7 9.4
Florida 541,000 18,000 160,000 9,000 29.5 1.4 227,000 12,000 41.9 1.7
Georgia 318,000 16,000 98,000 9,000 30.7 2.3 138,000 10,000 43.4 2.2
Hawaii 31,000 4,000 9,000 2,000 28.9 7.1 13,000 3,000 42.8 5.3
Idaho 45,000 6,000 14,000 3,000 31.6 5.7 20,000 4,000 45.4 5.7
Illinois 303,000 16,000 94,000 9,000 30.9 2.2 132,000 9,000 43.6 1.9
Indiana 199,000 12,000 64,000 7,000 32.2 2.6 91,000 8,000 45.7 2.6
Iowa 72,000 7,000 19,000 4,000 25.8 4.7 27,000 5,000 37.0 5.0
Kansas 71,000 7,000 22,000 4,000 31.0 4.5 30,000 4,000 42.0 4.0
Kentucky 200,000 12,000 65,000 7,000 32.4 2.7 87,000 7,000 43.8 2.7
Louisiana 166,000 11,000 45,000 5,000 26.8 2.5 69,000 6,000 41.2 2.5
Maine 35,000 5,000 11,000 3,000 33.2 6.9 18,000 4,000 52.6 6.8
Maryland 133,000 9,000 41,000 5,000 30.7 3.7 54,000 6,000 40.6 3.7
Massachusetts 150,000 9,000 48,000 6,000 32.0 2.8 73,000 7,000 48.4 3.2
Michigan 294,000 13,000 89,000 10,000 30.5 3.0 130,000 10,000 44.4 2.7
Minnesota 103,000 10,000 40,000 6,000 39.0 3.6 50,000 6,000 48.7 3.7
Mississippi 121,000 10,000 29,000 4,000 24.0 2.7 45,000 6,000 37.0 3.3
Missouri 193,000 10,000 62,000 7,000 32.1 2.9 87,000 8,000 45.3 2.8
Montana 28,000 5,000 9,000 3,000 33.4 8.2 11,000 4,000 40.9 7.7
Nebraska 42,000 6,000 12,000 3,000 27.9 5.9 14,000 4,000 34.1 5.7
Nevada 93,000 8,000 31,000 5,000 33.0 3.9 41,000 5,000 44.2 3.5
New Hampshire 36,000 5,000 11,000 3,000 30.6 5.8 15,000 3,000 41.5 5.9
New Jersey 167,000 9,000 55,000 6,000 33.2 3.1 81,000 7,000 48.8 2.9
New Mexico 77,000 10,000 21,000 4,000 27.7 4.5 34,000 6,000 43.8 4.8
New York 501,000 19,000 161,000 11,000 32.1 1.9 231,000 13,000 46.1 1.8
North Carolina 306,000 13,000 95,000 8,000 30.9 2.2 133,000 10,000 43.5 2.3
North Dakota 16,000 3,000 6,000 2,000 35.8 9.5 8,000 2,000 50.3 9.5
Ohio 337,000 14,000 102,000 8,000 30.3 2.1 151,000 9,000 44.9 2.2
Oklahoma 154,000 9,000 42,000 5,000 27.2 3.1 66,000 7,000 42.5 3.2
Oregon 101,000 8,000 35,000 5,000 34.5 3.6 51,000 6,000 50.9 3.6
Pennsylvania 346,000 18,000 115,000 11,000 33.1 2.3 162,000 12,000 46.8 2.7
Rhode Island 25,000 4,000 8,000 3,000 32.5 8.1 11,000 3,000 45.5 7.0
South Carolina 175,000 10,000 53,000 6,000 30.6 2.9 74,000 6,000 42.5 3.1
South Dakota 19,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 25.7 8.1 7,000 3,000 39.4 10.2
Tennessee 223,000 10,000 63,000 5,000 28.4 1.9 94,000 6,000 41.9 1.8
Texas 730,000 22,000 236,000 12,000 32.4 1.4 314,000 15,000 43.0 1.5
Utah 63,000 7,000 21,000 4,000 33.8 4.5 33,000 5,000 52.5 5.3
Vermont 16,000 4,000 6,000 3,000 37.4 12.7 8,000 3,000 52.3 11.4
Virginia 205,000 10,000 56,000 6,000 27.6 2.6 89,000 7,000 43.4 2.8
Washington 184,000 11,000 61,000 7,000 33.1 3.1 87,000 8,000 47.2 2.8
West Virginia 80,000 9,000 26,000 5,000 32.5 4.9 39,000 6,000 48.7 4.9
Wisconsin 134,000 9,000 45,000 6,000 33.5 3.5 60,000 7,000 44.7 4.2
Wyoming 16,000 3,000 4,000 2,000 24.3 8.2 7,000 3,000 39.8 9.7
Puerto Rico 141,000 9,000 49,000 6,000 34.8 3.5 62,000 7,000 43.7 3.3
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.5). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.6 Functioning - Civilians with Ambulatory and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.6 Functioning - Civilians with Ambulatory and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State With Self-Care and Ind. Living Dis. With Self-Care Dis. Only With Ind. Living Dis. Only
# ME# % ME% # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 2,203,000 35,000 25.6 0.4 497,000 19,000 5.8 0.3 1,639,000 33,000 19.0 0.4
Alabama 48,000 5,000 23.8 2.0 13,000 3,000 6.2 1.2 43,000 5,000 21.2 2.4
Alaska 4,000 2,000 21.9 7.0 2,000 1,700 8.8 7.9 4,000 2,000 21.8 8.9
Arizona 46,000 6,000 25.0 2.6 10,000 3,000 5.2 1.4 39,000 5,000 21.1 2.5
Arkansas 33,000 5,000 26.6 3.1 7,000 2,000 5.7 1.8 22,000 4,000 17.9 3.0
California 241,000 12,000 29.8 1.3 40,000 5,000 4.9 0.7 149,000 10,000 18.4 1.0
Colorado 29,000 5,000 25.9 3.3 5,000 2,000 4.4 1.6 21,000 4,000 18.8 2.8
Connecticut 19,000 4,000 24.3 4.4 4,000 2,000 5.3 2.0 15,000 4,000 19.3 3.8
Delaware 4,000 2,000 17.5 5.2 1,000 1,000 5.0 3.6 5,000 2,000 18.3 5.7
District of Columbia 4,000 2,000 22.4 8.6 30 60 0.2 0.5 2,000 1,000 12.3 6.7
Florida 127,000 9,000 23.4 1.3 33,000 5,000 6.1 0.9 100,000 8,000 18.5 1.4
Georgia 80,000 8,000 25.0 2.1 18,000 4,000 5.7 1.2 58,000 6,000 18.4 1.5
Hawaii 7,000 2,000 23.0 6.3 2,000 1,000 5.8 3.0 6,000 2,000 19.8 6.2
Idaho 10,000 3,000 23.4 5.5 4,000 2,000 8.3 3.4 10,000 3,000 22.0 4.9
Illinois 76,000 8,000 25.0 2.1 18,000 3,000 5.9 1.0 56,000 7,000 18.6 2.0
Indiana 51,000 6,000 25.5 2.3 13,000 3,000 6.7 1.3 40,000 5,000 20.2 2.1
Iowa 14,000 4,000 19.1 4.5 5,000 2,000 6.7 3.0 13,000 3,000 17.9 3.6
Kansas 17,000 4,000 24.2 4.0 5,000 2,000 6.7 2.5 13,000 3,000 17.7 4.1
Kentucky 52,000 6,000 25.9 2.5 13,000 3,000 6.5 1.4 36,000 4,000 17.9 2.1
Louisiana 37,000 4,000 22.3 2.3 8,000 2,000 4.5 1.2 32,000 4,000 19.0 1.9
Maine 9,000 2,000 27.0 5.4 2,000 2,000 6.1 5.4 9,000 3,000 25.6 7.4
Maryland 33,000 5,000 25.0 3.4 8,000 3,000 5.7 1.8 21,000 3,000 15.5 2.1
Massachusetts 40,000 5,000 26.9 2.6 8,000 2,000 5.2 1.2 32,000 5,000 21.5 2.8
Michigan 73,000 8,000 24.8 2.6 17,000 4,000 5.7 1.0 57,000 7,000 19.6 1.9
Minnesota 32,000 5,000 31.4 3.4 8,000 3,000 7.7 2.6 18,000 3,000 17.3 3.1
Mississippi 22,000 4,000 18.4 2.5 7,000 2,000 5.6 1.7 22,000 4,000 18.6 2.7
Missouri 50,000 7,000 26.1 2.7 12,000 4,000 6.1 1.8 37,000 4,000 19.2 2.0
Montana 6,000 2,000 20.2 6.2 4,000 2,000 13.2 6.4 6,000 3,000 20.7 8.1
Nebraska 9,000 3,000 22.1 5.4 2,000 2,000 5.8 3.3 5,000 2,000 11.9 3.5
Nevada 26,000 5,000 28.0 4.0 5,000 2,000 5.1 1.9 15,000 3,000 16.2 2.9
New Hampshire 8,000 2,000 21.9 5.1 3,000 2,000 8.6 4.5 7,000 2,000 19.6 4.9
New Jersey 48,000 6,000 28.7 3.0 8,000 2,000 4.5 1.2 33,000 5,000 20.1 2.4
New Mexico 16,000 4,000 20.6 4.4 6,000 3,000 7.2 2.6 18,000 4,000 23.3 4.2
New York 136,000 10,000 27.1 1.8 25,000 5,000 5.0 0.9 95,000 9,000 18.9 1.6
North Carolina 77,000 8,000 25.1 2.1 18,000 4,000 5.8 1.2 56,000 6,000 18.4 1.6
North Dakota 5,000 2,000 31.3 9.1 700 500 4.5 3.4 3,000 1,000 18.9 7.9
Ohio 82,000 7,000 24.3 2.0 20,000 4,000 6.0 1.0 69,000 6,000 20.6 1.6
Oklahoma 34,000 5,000 22.0 2.8 8,000 2,000 5.2 1.1 32,000 5,000 20.5 3.0
Oregon 29,000 4,000 28.8 3.6 6,000 2,000 5.7 1.6 22,000 4,000 22.1 3.2
Pennsylvania 95,000 10,000 27.4 2.4 20,000 5,000 5.7 1.3 67,000 7,000 19.4 2.0
Rhode Island 7,000 2,000 27.7 7.3 1,000 1,000 4.8 3.7 4,000 2,000 17.9 7.0
South Carolina 42,000 5,000 24.0 2.8 11,000 3,000 6.6 1.6 32,000 5,000 18.5 2.6
South Dakota 4,000 2,000 21.8 8.0 700 600 3.9 3.7 3,000 2,000 17.6 8.7
Tennessee 52,000 5,000 23.2 1.7 12,000 2,000 5.3 1.0 42,000 4,000 18.7 1.7
Texas 190,000 11,000 26.1 1.4 46,000 5,000 6.3 0.7 123,000 10,000 16.9 1.0
Utah 18,000 4,000 27.9 4.1 4,000 2,000 5.8 2.3 15,000 4,000 24.6 4.6
Vermont 5,000 2,000 30.9 12.3 1,000 1,190 6.5 9.2 3,000 2,000 21.4 9.6
Virginia 45,000 6,000 22.1 2.5 11,000 3,000 5.5 1.2 44,000 5,000 21.3 2.4
Washington 50,000 7,000 27.3 3.1 11,000 3,000 5.8 1.6 37,000 5,000 19.9 2.2
West Virginia 21,000 5,000 26.2 4.6 5,000 2,000 6.3 2.2 18,000 3,000 22.6 4.0
Wisconsin 36,000 5,000 26.9 3.0 9,000 3,000 6.5 2.0 24,000 5,000 17.7 3.1
Wyoming 3,000 2,000 19.7 8.1 800 600 4.7 4.1 3,000 2,000 20.1 8.8
Puerto Rico 40,000 5,000 28.3 3.2 9,000 2,000 6.5 1.6 22,000 4,000 15.3 2.4
Note: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
*estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.6). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.7 Functioning - Civilians with Cognitive and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.7 Functioning - Civilians with Cognitive and Self-Care or Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State Total Cognitive Dis. With Self-Care Dis. With Independent Living Dis.
# ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 10,666,000 93,000 1,890,000 30,000 17.7 0.3 4,798,000 65,000 45.0 0.4
Alabama 192,000 12,000 39,000 5,000 20.2 2.3 94,000 8,000 48.7 2.9
Alaska 26,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 17.8 6.6 11,000 3,000 43.5 8.6
Arizona 239,000 15,000 39,000 4,000 16.3 1.7 109,000 8,000 45.7 2.7
Arkansas 138,000 11,000 29,000 5,000 21.2 2.9 69,000 8,000 50.1 3.4
California 1,025,000 25,000 218,000 10,000 21.3 0.9 495,000 17,000 48.3 1.2
Colorado 180,000 11,000 26,000 5,000 14.3 2.3 70,000 7,000 38.8 2.8
Connecticut 108,000 9,000 15,000 3,000 13.7 2.5 47,000 5,000 43.5 3.1
Delaware 33,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 10.2 4.1 12,000 3,000 35.4 6.4
District of Columbia 19,000 4,000 2,000 1,200 9.0 4.9 5,000 2,000 27.5 8.4
Florida 614,000 22,000 111,000 9,000 18.1 1.4 285,000 14,000 46.4 1.6
Georgia 344,000 14,000 65,000 7,000 18.9 2.0 151,000 10,000 44.1 2.6
Hawaii 43,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 15.7 4.6 20,000 4,000 47.6 5.6
Idaho 70,000 8,000 9,000 3,000 13.4 3.6 29,000 5,000 41.6 5.0
Illinois 353,000 14,000 59,000 6,000 16.8 1.4 156,000 11,000 44.3 2.2
Indiana 261,000 14,000 43,000 6,000 16.5 1.9 119,000 10,000 45.4 2.8
Iowa 110,000 11,000 13,000 4,000 12.1 3.0 45,000 6,000 41.3 3.6
Kansas 106,000 9,000 17,000 4,000 15.8 2.8 47,000 6,000 44.1 4.6
Kentucky 203,000 12,000 42,000 5,000 20.8 2.5 94,000 7,000 46.3 2.5
Louisiana 182,000 9,000 33,000 5,000 18.0 2.3 80,000 8,000 43.8 3.2
Maine 61,000 8,000 10,000 3,000 16.5 4.8 29,000 5,000 47.6 5.4
Maryland 168,000 11,000 28,000 4,000 16.8 2.0 70,000 6,000 41.6 3.1
Massachusetts 238,000 13,000 40,000 5,000 16.8 1.8 103,000 8,000 43.1 2.4
Michigan 371,000 17,000 64,000 7,000 17.2 1.8 167,000 11,000 45.0 2.1
Minnesota 183,000 14,000 34,000 6,000 18.8 2.7 83,000 8,000 45.5 3.1
Mississippi 118,000 10,000 21,000 4,000 18.1 3.0 49,000 6,000 41.4 3.9
Missouri 226,000 13,000 39,000 6,000 17.4 2.1 102,000 10,000 45.0 3.1
Montana 41,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 17.3 5.3 18,000 4,000 43.3 6.7
Nebraska 63,000 7,000 10,000 3,000 15.3 3.9 27,000 6,000 42.0 5.4
Nevada 100,000 9,000 20,000 5,000 20.4 4.0 49,000 6,000 48.9 4.0
New Hampshire 53,000 6,000 9,000 2,000 16.1 3.7 25,000 5,000 46.2 4.9
New Jersey 206,000 10,000 44,000 5,000 21.2 2.1 111,000 7,000 53.8 2.7
New Mexico 90,000 9,000 14,000 4,000 15.2 3.4 40,000 6,000 44.7 4.1
New York 551,000 17,000 105,000 8,000 19.1 1.4 260,000 12,000 47.3 1.7
North Carolina 343,000 16,000 65,000 6,000 18.9 1.5 153,000 10,000 44.6 2.0
North Dakota 24,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 19.6 7.0 10,000 3,000 43.6 7.2
Ohio 438,000 16,000 71,000 7,000 16.2 1.6 188,000 13,000 43.0 2.2
Oklahoma 168,000 11,000 25,000 4,000 15.1 2.1 72,000 7,000 43.0 3.2
Oregon 158,000 12,000 25,000 4,000 15.7 2.3 68,000 7,000 43.1 2.8
Pennsylvania 498,000 20,000 83,000 8,000 16.7 1.4 224,000 12,000 44.9 1.8
Rhode Island 44,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 13.8 4.3 20,000 4,000 45.4 6.2
South Carolina 171,000 11,000 31,000 4,000 18.3 2.1 75,000 8,000 43.8 3.3
South Dakota 26,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 15.6 5.2 11,000 3,000 42.5 7.3
Tennessee 237,000 11,000 42,000 5,000 17.7 1.7 112,000 8,000 47.4 2.3
Texas 861,000 24,000 156,000 10,000 18.1 1.0 368,000 17,000 42.7 1.6
Utah 111,000 8,000 15,000 3,000 13.7 2.9 44,000 5,000 39.5 4.0
Vermont 27,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 10.9 5.4 10,000 3,000 36.6 9.4
Virginia 262,000 14,000 41,000 6,000 15.6 1.9 113,000 9,000 43.2 2.4
Washington 300,000 15,000 45,000 7,000 14.9 2.1 131,000 10,000 43.8 2.5
West Virginia 84,000 9,000 19,000 5,000 22.9 4.9 44,000 7,000 52.2 5.4
Wisconsin 180,000 13,000 30,000 5,000 16.8 2.6 76,000 7,000 42.3 3.2
Wyoming 19,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 13.5 6.9 8,000 2,000 41.7 8.3
Puerto Rico 142,000 11,000 33,000 5,000 23.2 3.1 67,000 7,000 47.0 3.2
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.7). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 2.8 Functioning - Civilians with Cognitive and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023

Table 2.8 Functioning - Civilians with Cognitive and Both or Only Self-Care and Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023
State With Self-Care and Ind. Living Dis. With Self-Care Dis. Only With Ind. Living Dis. Only
# ME# % ME% # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 1,686,000 30,000 15.8 0.3 203,000 10,000 1.9 0.1 3,112,000 50,000 29.2 0.4
Alabama 34,000 4,000 17.6 2.1 5,000 2,000 2.6 1.0 60,000 6,000 31.0 2.5
Alaska 4,000 2,000 14.2 5.5 900 1,200 3.6 5.3 8,000 3,000 29.3 8.3
Arizona 34,000 5,000 14.4 1.7 4,000 2,000 1.8 0.9 74,000 7,000 31.2 2.4
Arkansas 26,000 5,000 18.5 3.1 4,000 2,000 2.7 1.2 44,000 6,000 31.6 2.8
California 201,000 9,000 19.6 0.8 17,000 4,000 1.7 0.4 294,000 13,000 28.7 1.1
Colorado 23,000 4,000 12.8 2.2 3,000 2,000 1.5 0.8 47,000 5,000 26.0 2.1
Connecticut 13,000 3,000 12.3 2.5 2,000 1,200 1.4 0.8 34,000 5,000 31.2 3.5
Delaware 3,000 1,000 9.6 4.2 200 300 0.6 1.0 8,000 2,000 25.8 5.7
District of Columbia 2,000 1,200 9.0 4.9 0 0 0.0 * 4,000 2,000 18.6 6.9
Florida 99,000 9,000 16.2 1.3 12,000 3,000 1.9 0.6 185,000 11,000 30.2 1.3
Georgia 57,000 7,000 16.7 2.0 8,000 3,000 2.2 0.7 94,000 7,000 27.3 2.0
Hawaii 5,000 2,000 12.3 3.7 1,000 1,000 3.4 2.2 15,000 3,000 35.4 5.3
Idaho 8,000 3,000 11.1 3.3 2,000 1,400 2.3 1.7 21,000 5,000 30.5 4.5
Illinois 53,000 6,000 15.1 1.4 6,000 3,000 1.7 0.8 103,000 9,000 29.1 2.1
Indiana 38,000 6,000 14.6 1.9 5,000 2,000 1.9 0.7 81,000 8,000 30.9 2.7
Iowa 11,000 3,000 10.2 2.7 2,000 1,400 1.9 1.5 34,000 5,000 31.1 4.1
Kansas 14,000 3,000 13.4 2.4 3,000 2,000 2.4 1.3 33,000 5,000 30.8 4.4
Kentucky 36,000 5,000 17.9 2.4 6,000 2,000 2.9 0.9 58,000 6,000 28.4 2.7
Louisiana 29,000 4,000 16.0 2.2 4,000 2,000 2.0 1.0 50,000 7,000 27.7 3.1
Maine 8,000 2,000 12.7 3.2 2,000 2,000 3.8 3.6 21,000 4,000 34.9 4.8
Maryland 24,000 3,000 14.5 1.7 4,000 2,000 2.3 1.3 45,000 5,000 27.1 2.6
Massachusetts 36,000 4,000 15.0 1.7 4,000 2,000 1.8 0.6 67,000 6,000 28.1 2.3
Michigan 57,000 7,000 15.3 1.5 7,000 3,000 2.0 0.6 110,000 9,000 29.8 1.9
Minnesota 29,000 5,000 15.9 2.5 5,000 3,000 2.9 1.4 54,000 8,000 29.6 3.3
Mississippi 18,000 4,000 15.4 3.0 3,000 2,000 2.7 1.3 31,000 4,000 26.0 2.7
Missouri 35,000 5,000 15.4 2.2 5,000 2,000 2.0 0.8 67,000 8,000 29.6 2.7
Montana 5,000 2,000 12.7 4.4 2,000 1,400 4.6 3.5 13,000 4,000 30.6 6.7
Nebraska 9,000 3,000 13.6 3.8 1,000 1,000 1.6 1.3 18,000 4,000 28.3 5.4
Nevada 18,000 5,000 18.5 3.6 2,000 1,100 2.0 1.1 30,000 5,000 30.5 3.7
New Hampshire 7,000 2,000 14.1 3.6 1,000 1,000 2.0 1.8 17,000 3,000 32.1 4.4
New Jersey 39,000 5,000 19.1 2.2 4,000 2,000 2.1 1.0 72,000 7,000 34.8 2.6
New Mexico 12,000 3,000 13.3 3.3 2,000 1,600 2.0 1.6 28,000 5,000 31.4 3.6
New York 98,000 8,000 17.7 1.4 7,000 2,000 1.4 0.3 163,000 10,000 29.5 1.6
North Carolina 59,000 6,000 17.4 1.5 5,000 2,000 1.5 0.6 93,000 9,000 27.3 2.0
North Dakota 5,000 2,000 19.0 6.9 200 310 0.6 1.7 6,000 2,000 24.6 7.5
Ohio 62,000 6,000 14.2 1.4 9,000 2,000 2.1 0.5 126,000 11,000 28.8 1.9
Oklahoma 22,000 4,000 13.2 2.0 3,000 2,000 1.9 0.8 50,000 6,000 29.8 2.7
Oregon 21,000 4,000 13.4 2.0 4,000 2,000 2.3 1.0 47,000 5,000 29.7 2.6
Pennsylvania 75,000 8,000 15.1 1.3 8,000 3,000 1.7 0.6 149,000 9,000 29.9 1.5
Rhode Island 5,000 2,000 12.2 3.8 700 600 1.6 1.7 15,000 4,000 33.2 6.1
South Carolina 27,000 4,000 16.0 2.2 4,000 2,000 2.3 1.0 47,000 7,000 27.8 3.2
South Dakota 4,000 2,000 13.7 5.2 500 530 1.9 2.4 8,000 3,000 28.8 7.1
Tennessee 38,000 5,000 15.9 1.8 4,000 1,000 1.7 0.6 75,000 6,000 31.5 1.9
Texas 141,000 10,000 16.4 1.0 14,000 3,000 1.7 0.3 227,000 13,000 26.3 1.3
Utah 13,000 3,000 11.9 2.6 2,000 1,100 1.8 1.2 31,000 5,000 27.6 3.5
Vermont 3,000 2,000 10.9 5.4 0 0 0.0 * 7,000 2,000 25.7 8.3
Virginia 37,000 6,000 14.0 1.8 4,000 2,000 1.6 0.7 77,000 7,000 29.2 2.5
Washington 40,000 7,000 13.3 2.1 5,000 2,000 1.6 0.7 91,000 8,000 30.5 2.0
West Virginia 18,000 5,000 20.8 4.9 2,000 1,100 2.0 1.0 26,000 5,000 31.4 3.9
Wisconsin 27,000 4,000 14.9 2.4 3,000 2,000 1.9 1.0 49,000 6,000 27.5 2.5
Wyoming 2,000 2,000 12.3 6.9 200 300 1.1 2.0 6,000 2,000 29.4 7.0
Puerto Rico 30,000 5,000 21.1 3.0 3,000 1,000 2.1 1.0 37,000 5,000 25.8 2.9
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.
*estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 2.8). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.